BIOL 2420 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS UPDATED FOR
2025/2026 GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Archaea - ANSWER-Domain which includes prokaryotes which do not have
peptidoglycan; often live in extreme environments (salty, extremely hot).
Common Names - ANSWER-Informal identification of species which varies with
languages and geography.
Binomial Nomenclature - ANSWER-Formal, universal identification of species which
includes genus and specific epithet.
Strain - ANSWER-A group of genetically different cells resulting from genetic
divergence (mutation) within a clone.
Identified by numbers, letters, or names that follow the specific epithet.
Eukaryotic Species - ANSWER-Generally defined as a group of closely related
organisms that breed among themselves.
,Prokaryotic Species - ANSWER-A population of cells with similar characteristics.
Animalia - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Multicellular
-No cell walls
-Chemoheterotrophic, ingest food
-Include parasitic worms (helminths)
Plantae - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Multicellular
-Cellulose cell walls
-Usually photoautotrophic
Fungi - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Chemoheterotrophic
-Unicellular or multicellular
-Cell walls of chitin
-Develop from spores or hyphal fragments
-Absorb pre-digested food
Fungi - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Includes molds and yeasts
Protista - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
Kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms, such as algae and
protozoans.
Viral Species - ANSWER-Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies
a particular ecological niche.
Classification - ANSWER-Placing organisms in groups of related species.
Lists of characteristics of known organisms.
Identification - ANSWER-Matching characteristics of an "unknown" organism to lists of
known organisms.
Morphological Characteristics - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
e.g.
, -Shape
-Arrangement
-Presence of flagella
-Presence of endospores
Differential Staining - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
e.g.
-Gram staining
-Acid-fast staining
Biochemical Tests - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
Determines presence of bacterial enzymes.
Selective and/or differential media.
e.g.
-metabolize lactose
-produce acid or gas during metabolism
Serology - ANSWER-The science that studies serum and immune responses that are
evident in serum (presence of antibodies).
Serum - ANSWER-The liquid remaining after blood plasma is clotted; contains
antibodies.
Antiserum - ANSWER-A solution of specific antibodies.
Slide Agglutination Test - ANSWER-Known antiserums are mixed with the unknown
bacteria.
If the antiserum contains antibodies that are made to react with the bacteria, clumping
(agglutination) will occur and indicate a positive test.
Phage Typing - ANSWER-Determines which phages a bacterium is susceptible to.
Bacteriophages form "plaques", or areas of lysis, on a plate if bacteria is susceptible.
DNA base composition - ANSWER-(Genetic identification method)
Guanine + cytosine % (GC).
Each species contains specific unique sequences.
DNA fingerprinting - ANSWER-(Genetic identification method)
Electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests.
AND 100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS UPDATED FOR
2025/2026 GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Archaea - ANSWER-Domain which includes prokaryotes which do not have
peptidoglycan; often live in extreme environments (salty, extremely hot).
Common Names - ANSWER-Informal identification of species which varies with
languages and geography.
Binomial Nomenclature - ANSWER-Formal, universal identification of species which
includes genus and specific epithet.
Strain - ANSWER-A group of genetically different cells resulting from genetic
divergence (mutation) within a clone.
Identified by numbers, letters, or names that follow the specific epithet.
Eukaryotic Species - ANSWER-Generally defined as a group of closely related
organisms that breed among themselves.
,Prokaryotic Species - ANSWER-A population of cells with similar characteristics.
Animalia - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Multicellular
-No cell walls
-Chemoheterotrophic, ingest food
-Include parasitic worms (helminths)
Plantae - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Multicellular
-Cellulose cell walls
-Usually photoautotrophic
Fungi - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Chemoheterotrophic
-Unicellular or multicellular
-Cell walls of chitin
-Develop from spores or hyphal fragments
-Absorb pre-digested food
Fungi - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
-Includes molds and yeasts
Protista - ANSWER-(Eukaryotic Family)
Kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms, such as algae and
protozoans.
Viral Species - ANSWER-Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies
a particular ecological niche.
Classification - ANSWER-Placing organisms in groups of related species.
Lists of characteristics of known organisms.
Identification - ANSWER-Matching characteristics of an "unknown" organism to lists of
known organisms.
Morphological Characteristics - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
e.g.
, -Shape
-Arrangement
-Presence of flagella
-Presence of endospores
Differential Staining - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
e.g.
-Gram staining
-Acid-fast staining
Biochemical Tests - ANSWER-(Identification Method)
Determines presence of bacterial enzymes.
Selective and/or differential media.
e.g.
-metabolize lactose
-produce acid or gas during metabolism
Serology - ANSWER-The science that studies serum and immune responses that are
evident in serum (presence of antibodies).
Serum - ANSWER-The liquid remaining after blood plasma is clotted; contains
antibodies.
Antiserum - ANSWER-A solution of specific antibodies.
Slide Agglutination Test - ANSWER-Known antiserums are mixed with the unknown
bacteria.
If the antiserum contains antibodies that are made to react with the bacteria, clumping
(agglutination) will occur and indicate a positive test.
Phage Typing - ANSWER-Determines which phages a bacterium is susceptible to.
Bacteriophages form "plaques", or areas of lysis, on a plate if bacteria is susceptible.
DNA base composition - ANSWER-(Genetic identification method)
Guanine + cytosine % (GC).
Each species contains specific unique sequences.
DNA fingerprinting - ANSWER-(Genetic identification method)
Electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests.
