NUR1460c Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Acidosis (ABG) Correct Answers pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3- < 22
Acidosis (pH Level) Correct Answers < 7.35
Alkalosis (ABG) Correct Answers pH > 7.45
PCO2 < 35
HCO3 > 26
Alkalosis (pH Level) Correct Answers > 7.45 Alkalosis
Base Excess
(Normal Range for Adults) Correct Answers +/= 2.0 mEq/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
(Normal Range for Adults) Correct Answers 22-26 mEq/L
(mmol/L)
Calcium (Ca2+)
(Normal Range) Correct Answers 9-10.5 mg/dL
Calcium (Ca2+) Function Correct Answers - Primary
component of bones & teeth (along with phosphate); up to 99%
of calcium is found in teeth & bones
- Role in blood clotting, nerve impulse, transmission, cardiac
conduction, & muscle contraction
,Calcium (Ca2+) Homeostasis Correct Answers - As serum
calcium levels drop, parathyroid hormone & calcitriol pull
calcium from the bone to maintain normal levels
- Calcitonin moves excess calcium into the bone
Calcium (Ca2+) Sources Correct Answers Cheese, ice cream,
milk, yogurt, rhubarb, spinach, tofu
Chloride (Cl-)
(Normal Range) Correct Answers 98-106 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl-) Function Correct Answers - Most abundant
anion in the ECF
- Key role in maintaining serum osmolarity
- Required for formation of stomach (hydrochloride) acid
- Buffering role in acid-base balance
Chloride (Cl-) Homeostasis Correct Answers - Homeostasis
maintained in similar way as sodium; where sodium goes,
chloride also goes
Chloride (Cl-) Sources Correct Answers - Seaweed
- Rye
- Tomatoes
- Lettuce
- Celery
- Olives
- Table salt, salt substitutes
Compensated Correct Answers pH is NORMAL, PaCO2 &
HCO3- are both ABNORMAL
, Hypercalcemia (Clinical Manifestations) Correct Answers -
Lethargy, stupor, coma
- Decreased muscle strength & tone
- Anorexia, nausea, & vomiting
- Constipation
- Pathologic fractures
- Dysrhythmias
- Renal calculi
Hypercalcemia (Interventions) Correct Answers - Monitor HR
& rhythm
- Monitor cardiac rhythm with ECG
- Encourage increased fluid intake
- Increase patient activity, including active ROM
Hypercalcemia (Lab Values) Correct Answers Calcium
(Ca2+) > 10.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia (Underlying Causes) Correct Answers -
Prolonged bed rest
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Bone malignancy
- Piaget disease
- Osteoporosis
Hyperchloremia (Clinical Manifestations) Correct Answers -
Weakness, lethargy, deep breathing
Hyperchloremia (Interventions) Correct Answers - Monitor
vitals
Acidosis (ABG) Correct Answers pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3- < 22
Acidosis (pH Level) Correct Answers < 7.35
Alkalosis (ABG) Correct Answers pH > 7.45
PCO2 < 35
HCO3 > 26
Alkalosis (pH Level) Correct Answers > 7.45 Alkalosis
Base Excess
(Normal Range for Adults) Correct Answers +/= 2.0 mEq/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
(Normal Range for Adults) Correct Answers 22-26 mEq/L
(mmol/L)
Calcium (Ca2+)
(Normal Range) Correct Answers 9-10.5 mg/dL
Calcium (Ca2+) Function Correct Answers - Primary
component of bones & teeth (along with phosphate); up to 99%
of calcium is found in teeth & bones
- Role in blood clotting, nerve impulse, transmission, cardiac
conduction, & muscle contraction
,Calcium (Ca2+) Homeostasis Correct Answers - As serum
calcium levels drop, parathyroid hormone & calcitriol pull
calcium from the bone to maintain normal levels
- Calcitonin moves excess calcium into the bone
Calcium (Ca2+) Sources Correct Answers Cheese, ice cream,
milk, yogurt, rhubarb, spinach, tofu
Chloride (Cl-)
(Normal Range) Correct Answers 98-106 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl-) Function Correct Answers - Most abundant
anion in the ECF
- Key role in maintaining serum osmolarity
- Required for formation of stomach (hydrochloride) acid
- Buffering role in acid-base balance
Chloride (Cl-) Homeostasis Correct Answers - Homeostasis
maintained in similar way as sodium; where sodium goes,
chloride also goes
Chloride (Cl-) Sources Correct Answers - Seaweed
- Rye
- Tomatoes
- Lettuce
- Celery
- Olives
- Table salt, salt substitutes
Compensated Correct Answers pH is NORMAL, PaCO2 &
HCO3- are both ABNORMAL
, Hypercalcemia (Clinical Manifestations) Correct Answers -
Lethargy, stupor, coma
- Decreased muscle strength & tone
- Anorexia, nausea, & vomiting
- Constipation
- Pathologic fractures
- Dysrhythmias
- Renal calculi
Hypercalcemia (Interventions) Correct Answers - Monitor HR
& rhythm
- Monitor cardiac rhythm with ECG
- Encourage increased fluid intake
- Increase patient activity, including active ROM
Hypercalcemia (Lab Values) Correct Answers Calcium
(Ca2+) > 10.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia (Underlying Causes) Correct Answers -
Prolonged bed rest
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Bone malignancy
- Piaget disease
- Osteoporosis
Hyperchloremia (Clinical Manifestations) Correct Answers -
Weakness, lethargy, deep breathing
Hyperchloremia (Interventions) Correct Answers - Monitor
vitals
