GMS 6552 Review Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers.

What is the relationship between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes? - Answer Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes during carcinogenesis What is the mechanism of oncogene activation that will NEVER directly change the DNA sequence in a cell? - Answer Hypomethylation Does the presence of oncogenes make it easier or harder to develop selective anti-cancer agents with fewer side effects? - Answer Easier The relationship between Ras and Myc mutations in cancer is that... - Answer Myc mutations increase the lethality of Ras inhibitors The effect of one cycle of the sodium potassium pump in cells is... - Answer 3 sodium ions out, 2 potassium ions in The resting membrane potential of a neuron is... - Answer -90 mV Using the Nernst equation, the potential across a membrane that has 45 mM Na+ intracellularly and 150 mM Na+ extracellularly is... - Answer 30 mV Using the Nernst equation, the potential across a membrane that has 45 mM Na+ extracellularly and 150 mM Na+ intracellularly is... - Answer -30 mV If you are measuring the voltage across a cell membrane and place one electrode just outside of the membrane, you should place the other electrode where to measure the greatest voltage difference? - Answer Intracellularly, near the membrane The relationship between conductance across a membrane and the number of channels that are open in a membrane is... - Answer Conductance is proportional to the number of receptors Which single-channel patch clamp technique mimics a scenario where the void of the needle serves as the "inside" of the cell and the solution the tip of the needle is placed into serves as the "outside?" - Answer Outside-out recording