MTL 200 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. What are ceramics? - ANSWER ✓ Ceramics are elements composed of at
least two elements, often more, with complex crystal structures that range
from purely ionic to totally covalent.
2. Anisotropy - ANSWER ✓ directionality of properties
3. What influences the crystal structure of ceramics? - ANSWER ✓ The
electrical charge of ions and the relative sizes of the anion and cation.
4. Why must a ceramic molecule be neutral? - ANSWER ✓ The net charge
across the cation and anion must be 0, and the whole ceramic molecule must
be neutral.
5. What do cations and anions prefer in terms of nearest neighbors? -
ANSWER ✓ Cations prefer to have as many nearest neighbor anions as
possible, and anions prefer to have as many cations as possible.
6. What are the most common coordination numbers in ceramics? - ANSWER
✓ The most common coordination numbers in ceramics are 4, 6, and 8
7. What happens when the ratio of the radii is greater than 1? - ANSWER ✓
The coordination number is 12.
8. What are the 3 types of ceramic crystal structures? - ANSWER ✓ AX,
AmXp, and AmBnXp Type
,9. What are the 3 subdivisions of AX- Type ceramic structure? - ANSWER ✓
1. Rock salt structure (NaCl)
2. Cesium Chloride Structure (CsCl)
3. Zinc Blende Structutre (ZnS)
10.What is the main relationship between the unit cell and rock salt structure
(NaCl) and its coordination number? - ANSWER ✓ The main relationship is
2(r_c + r_a) = a.
Its coordination number is 6.
11.How many anions and cations do you have in a Rock Salt Structure? -
ANSWER ✓ 4 anions and 4 cations.
12.What is the main relationship between the unit cell and cesium chloride
structure (CsCl)and its coordination number? - ANSWER ✓ The main
relationship is 2(r_c + r_a) = sqrt(3)a.
Its coordination number is 8.
13.What type of polymers are Crystaline polymers? - ANSWER ✓ Linear
polymers
14.Define a composite. - ANSWER ✓ any multiphase mater that is made up of
2 or more different substances (constituent phases) to create NEW material
with better properties.
15.What are the 4 main families of composites. - ANSWER ✓ 1. particle
reinforced
2. fiber reinforced
3. structural
4. nano
(refer to image)
,16.What are the 2 types of loadings? - ANSWER ✓ 1. LONGTIDINUAL
(parallel to position fibers)
2. TRANSVERSE (perpendicular to fiber direction)
17.what variables represent:
- sigma
- epsilon
- E
- V
- A - ANSWER ✓ stress & strength - sigma
strain - epsilon
elastic modulus - E
volume fraction - V
area – A
18.Atomic mass vs. atomic weight - ANSWER ✓ Mass : the sum of Protons
and Neutrons of the element.
Weight : Weighted avgerage of the isotopes of given element
19.Quantum numbers (name, visual meaning, symbol) - ANSWER ✓ Principle
: Shell -- energy level / size (n)
Angular Momentum : Subshell -- cloud shape (l)
Magnetic : Orbital -- cloud shape variant (m_{l})
Spin : Spin -- electron spin (up/down) (m_{s})
20.Subshell letters (in order and shape name) - ANSWER ✓ s (sphere), p
(dumbbell), d (pedal), f (double pedal)
21.How to setup orbital order - ANSWER ✓ orbitals in the same column,
energy levels in the same row.
shave off the top corner.
22.Group 1, Group 2, Group 7, Group 8 electron config values - ANSWER ✓
s^1, s^2, p^5, p^6
, 23.6 properties of a solid material - ANSWER ✓ 1)Mechanical
2)Electrical
3)Thermal
4)Magnetic
5)Optical
6)Deterioration (chemical reaction)
24.Classification of Metals (5 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)Composed of at least 1
metallic element
2)Atoms arranged orderly
3)Relatively Dense
4)Relatively Stiff and Strong
5)Good conductors of heat and electricity
25.Classification of Ceramics (4 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1) Compounds between
metallic and nonmetallic elements
2) Commonly (oxides, nitrides, carbides)
3) Relatively stiff and strong
4)Very brittle (high susceptibility to fractures)
26.Classification of Polymers (6 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)The family of plastic
and rubbers
2)Large molecular structures
3)Can be ductile/pliable
4)Known to soften/decompose over time
5)Low electric conductivity
6)Nonmegnetic
27.Classification of Composites (2 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)Come from 2 or
more types of material (metals, ceramics, polymers)
2)Designed to achieve multiple properties
28.Semiconductors - ANSWER ✓ Both an insulator and a conductor
29.Electrons in Atoms - ANSWER ✓ Electrons only have specific values of
energy, if energy levels change, electrons must make a quantum jump
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. What are ceramics? - ANSWER ✓ Ceramics are elements composed of at
least two elements, often more, with complex crystal structures that range
from purely ionic to totally covalent.
2. Anisotropy - ANSWER ✓ directionality of properties
3. What influences the crystal structure of ceramics? - ANSWER ✓ The
electrical charge of ions and the relative sizes of the anion and cation.
4. Why must a ceramic molecule be neutral? - ANSWER ✓ The net charge
across the cation and anion must be 0, and the whole ceramic molecule must
be neutral.
5. What do cations and anions prefer in terms of nearest neighbors? -
ANSWER ✓ Cations prefer to have as many nearest neighbor anions as
possible, and anions prefer to have as many cations as possible.
6. What are the most common coordination numbers in ceramics? - ANSWER
✓ The most common coordination numbers in ceramics are 4, 6, and 8
7. What happens when the ratio of the radii is greater than 1? - ANSWER ✓
The coordination number is 12.
8. What are the 3 types of ceramic crystal structures? - ANSWER ✓ AX,
AmXp, and AmBnXp Type
,9. What are the 3 subdivisions of AX- Type ceramic structure? - ANSWER ✓
1. Rock salt structure (NaCl)
2. Cesium Chloride Structure (CsCl)
3. Zinc Blende Structutre (ZnS)
10.What is the main relationship between the unit cell and rock salt structure
(NaCl) and its coordination number? - ANSWER ✓ The main relationship is
2(r_c + r_a) = a.
Its coordination number is 6.
11.How many anions and cations do you have in a Rock Salt Structure? -
ANSWER ✓ 4 anions and 4 cations.
12.What is the main relationship between the unit cell and cesium chloride
structure (CsCl)and its coordination number? - ANSWER ✓ The main
relationship is 2(r_c + r_a) = sqrt(3)a.
Its coordination number is 8.
13.What type of polymers are Crystaline polymers? - ANSWER ✓ Linear
polymers
14.Define a composite. - ANSWER ✓ any multiphase mater that is made up of
2 or more different substances (constituent phases) to create NEW material
with better properties.
15.What are the 4 main families of composites. - ANSWER ✓ 1. particle
reinforced
2. fiber reinforced
3. structural
4. nano
(refer to image)
,16.What are the 2 types of loadings? - ANSWER ✓ 1. LONGTIDINUAL
(parallel to position fibers)
2. TRANSVERSE (perpendicular to fiber direction)
17.what variables represent:
- sigma
- epsilon
- E
- V
- A - ANSWER ✓ stress & strength - sigma
strain - epsilon
elastic modulus - E
volume fraction - V
area – A
18.Atomic mass vs. atomic weight - ANSWER ✓ Mass : the sum of Protons
and Neutrons of the element.
Weight : Weighted avgerage of the isotopes of given element
19.Quantum numbers (name, visual meaning, symbol) - ANSWER ✓ Principle
: Shell -- energy level / size (n)
Angular Momentum : Subshell -- cloud shape (l)
Magnetic : Orbital -- cloud shape variant (m_{l})
Spin : Spin -- electron spin (up/down) (m_{s})
20.Subshell letters (in order and shape name) - ANSWER ✓ s (sphere), p
(dumbbell), d (pedal), f (double pedal)
21.How to setup orbital order - ANSWER ✓ orbitals in the same column,
energy levels in the same row.
shave off the top corner.
22.Group 1, Group 2, Group 7, Group 8 electron config values - ANSWER ✓
s^1, s^2, p^5, p^6
, 23.6 properties of a solid material - ANSWER ✓ 1)Mechanical
2)Electrical
3)Thermal
4)Magnetic
5)Optical
6)Deterioration (chemical reaction)
24.Classification of Metals (5 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)Composed of at least 1
metallic element
2)Atoms arranged orderly
3)Relatively Dense
4)Relatively Stiff and Strong
5)Good conductors of heat and electricity
25.Classification of Ceramics (4 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1) Compounds between
metallic and nonmetallic elements
2) Commonly (oxides, nitrides, carbides)
3) Relatively stiff and strong
4)Very brittle (high susceptibility to fractures)
26.Classification of Polymers (6 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)The family of plastic
and rubbers
2)Large molecular structures
3)Can be ductile/pliable
4)Known to soften/decompose over time
5)Low electric conductivity
6)Nonmegnetic
27.Classification of Composites (2 types) - ANSWER ✓ 1)Come from 2 or
more types of material (metals, ceramics, polymers)
2)Designed to achieve multiple properties
28.Semiconductors - ANSWER ✓ Both an insulator and a conductor
29.Electrons in Atoms - ANSWER ✓ Electrons only have specific values of
energy, if energy levels change, electrons must make a quantum jump
