EEOB 3310 EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
what does the Hardy-Weinberg equation help to do?
provides a set of expectations to compare to the observed data to assess in change is occurring
what does Neo-Darwinian synthesis imply?
adaptation involves genetic change within a population
a population's genetic structure is defined by:
1. relative frequencies of genotypes
2. relative frequencies of alleles
Hardy-Weinburg assumptions:
1. no mutations
2. no natural selection
3. random mating
4. very large population size
5.no migrations
directional (purifying) selection
when individuals at one extreme on the range of phenotypes is the fittest, reduces variation
balancing (stabilizing) selection
when an intermediate phenotype is fittest
-explain persistence of disease (heterozygotes develop some protection)
disruptive (diversifying) selection
when 2 or more discontinuous phenotypes are fittest
selection (s)
difference in fitness between a genotype and the most fit genotype
, negative frequency dependent selection
selects for rare or uncommon genotypes (ex. side mouth fish), preserves variation
positive frequency dependent selection
selects for common genotypes (ex. snails), reduces variation
positive selection
when selection acts to favor a phenotype or genotype
negative selection
when selection acts to eliminate a phenotype or genotype
fitness (W)
relative measure of survival and reproduction
(fitness relative meaning scale the best to 1 & others follow)
fitness of the best genotype=
fitness of other genotypes=
1
1 - selection coefficient (s)
selection coefficient (s)
- measure of the relative selection against a genotype
-s=1-W
sampling error produces:
- random changes in allele and genotype frequencies
- this leads to fixation of an allele
genetic drift
process of random genotypes and allelic fluctuations due to sampling error, will always cause a
loss in variation
100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
what does the Hardy-Weinberg equation help to do?
provides a set of expectations to compare to the observed data to assess in change is occurring
what does Neo-Darwinian synthesis imply?
adaptation involves genetic change within a population
a population's genetic structure is defined by:
1. relative frequencies of genotypes
2. relative frequencies of alleles
Hardy-Weinburg assumptions:
1. no mutations
2. no natural selection
3. random mating
4. very large population size
5.no migrations
directional (purifying) selection
when individuals at one extreme on the range of phenotypes is the fittest, reduces variation
balancing (stabilizing) selection
when an intermediate phenotype is fittest
-explain persistence of disease (heterozygotes develop some protection)
disruptive (diversifying) selection
when 2 or more discontinuous phenotypes are fittest
selection (s)
difference in fitness between a genotype and the most fit genotype
, negative frequency dependent selection
selects for rare or uncommon genotypes (ex. side mouth fish), preserves variation
positive frequency dependent selection
selects for common genotypes (ex. snails), reduces variation
positive selection
when selection acts to favor a phenotype or genotype
negative selection
when selection acts to eliminate a phenotype or genotype
fitness (W)
relative measure of survival and reproduction
(fitness relative meaning scale the best to 1 & others follow)
fitness of the best genotype=
fitness of other genotypes=
1
1 - selection coefficient (s)
selection coefficient (s)
- measure of the relative selection against a genotype
-s=1-W
sampling error produces:
- random changes in allele and genotype frequencies
- this leads to fixation of an allele
genetic drift
process of random genotypes and allelic fluctuations due to sampling error, will always cause a
loss in variation
