BONE DENSITY ASRT-MODULE 1- FUNDAMENTALS
Bone Densitometry (BD) - Answer -designed to measure a patient's bone mass using
the principles of radiographic imaging.
relies on measuring the radiation absorption of the patient's skeleton,and comparing
that against known normal values - Answer -Densitometry
radiographic absorptiometry,
dual-photon absorptiometry,
single-photon absorptiometry,
quantitative ultrasound,
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, or DXA,
and quantitative computed tomography, or QCT - Answer -6 ways to measure bone
density
Densitometry was first described more than _________ years ago, in the field of
__________. - Answer -100; Dentistry
bone loss had to reach a threshold of at least ________ to be clearly visualized using a
standard x-ray image - Answer -40%
two images of a hand were taken using standard x-ray equipment at slightly varying
exposures. A step wedge was placed next to the middle phalanx of the index finger on
the film during the x-ray exposure, and was used as a scale to evaluate bone density. -
Answer -early radiographic absorptiometry
step wedges were usually made from? - Answer -Ivory or aluminum
is the assessment of bone health using standard x-rays, by imaging the hand and
measuring the width of cortical bone - Answer -Radiogrammetry
used for nearly 50 years. Originally, the area of the metacarpal bone was measured
using standard x-rays of the hand and fine calipers, or a ruler. The total width and
medullary width were measured on the metacarpals of the ring finger, long, or middle
finger, and the index finger. This measurement was made by subtracting the medullary
width from the total width of the bone, leaving only the cortical width. - Answer -
Metacarpal radiogrammetry
is calculated by taking the total width and dividing it by the cortical width, yielding a ratio.
- Answer -Metacarpal index
is just the metacarpal index stated as a percentage instead of a ratio - Answer -The
hand score
, The primary limitation of radiogrammetry measurements is that the concept is founded
on the false notion that the metacarpal is a perfect cylinder, and hollow. Another
limitation of radiogrammetry is that its precision varies based on the type of
measurement used. - Answer -Limitations of Metacarpal Radiogrammetry
is often proportional to bone density throughout the body. - Answer -metacarpal density
Single photon absorptiometry, or SPA was invented by two researchers,
__________________________ , in The 1970s and 1980s - Answer -Cameron and
Sorenson
used a single-energy photon beam that passed through the bone and tissue of the
patient. The amount of mineral detected by the beam was measured by subtracting the
beam intensity leaving the area scanned from the original beam
intensity. - Answer -SPA
Early SPA scanners generally scanned the ________ by performing multiple scan
passes over a particular region of interest, or ROI. - Answer -forearm
used scan passes at correspondingly spaced intervals along the region of interest, and
was used to calculate the mass of mineral per unit of length of the bone. - Answer -
Newer SPA scanners
For new SPA scanners the photon beam was originally created using? and later
switching to only? - Answer -iodine-125 or americium-241; Iodine-125
1. The tissue had to be covered in water.
2. limited to extremities. - Answer -Limitations of SPA Scanners
Results of ___________ were presented as bone mineral content in grams, or bone
mineral density in grams per centimeter. - Answer -SPA scans
The accuracy of SPA was - Answer -3 to 5 %
The precision of SPA was - Answer -1 to 2 %
The goal of dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) - Answer -Assess bone density
used either an isotope which releases photon energy at two consistent photoelectric
peaks, or two isotopes, each releasing energy at a different photoelectric peak. -
Answer -DPA
Each photoelectric peak attenuates differently, depending on what tissue it interacts
with. By measuring the attenuation of each peak and evaluating it against a reference,
the composition of the scanned tissue can be determined. If one of the peaks is
attenuated more by bone, and the other more by soft tissue, then the influences of soft
Bone Densitometry (BD) - Answer -designed to measure a patient's bone mass using
the principles of radiographic imaging.
relies on measuring the radiation absorption of the patient's skeleton,and comparing
that against known normal values - Answer -Densitometry
radiographic absorptiometry,
dual-photon absorptiometry,
single-photon absorptiometry,
quantitative ultrasound,
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, or DXA,
and quantitative computed tomography, or QCT - Answer -6 ways to measure bone
density
Densitometry was first described more than _________ years ago, in the field of
__________. - Answer -100; Dentistry
bone loss had to reach a threshold of at least ________ to be clearly visualized using a
standard x-ray image - Answer -40%
two images of a hand were taken using standard x-ray equipment at slightly varying
exposures. A step wedge was placed next to the middle phalanx of the index finger on
the film during the x-ray exposure, and was used as a scale to evaluate bone density. -
Answer -early radiographic absorptiometry
step wedges were usually made from? - Answer -Ivory or aluminum
is the assessment of bone health using standard x-rays, by imaging the hand and
measuring the width of cortical bone - Answer -Radiogrammetry
used for nearly 50 years. Originally, the area of the metacarpal bone was measured
using standard x-rays of the hand and fine calipers, or a ruler. The total width and
medullary width were measured on the metacarpals of the ring finger, long, or middle
finger, and the index finger. This measurement was made by subtracting the medullary
width from the total width of the bone, leaving only the cortical width. - Answer -
Metacarpal radiogrammetry
is calculated by taking the total width and dividing it by the cortical width, yielding a ratio.
- Answer -Metacarpal index
is just the metacarpal index stated as a percentage instead of a ratio - Answer -The
hand score
, The primary limitation of radiogrammetry measurements is that the concept is founded
on the false notion that the metacarpal is a perfect cylinder, and hollow. Another
limitation of radiogrammetry is that its precision varies based on the type of
measurement used. - Answer -Limitations of Metacarpal Radiogrammetry
is often proportional to bone density throughout the body. - Answer -metacarpal density
Single photon absorptiometry, or SPA was invented by two researchers,
__________________________ , in The 1970s and 1980s - Answer -Cameron and
Sorenson
used a single-energy photon beam that passed through the bone and tissue of the
patient. The amount of mineral detected by the beam was measured by subtracting the
beam intensity leaving the area scanned from the original beam
intensity. - Answer -SPA
Early SPA scanners generally scanned the ________ by performing multiple scan
passes over a particular region of interest, or ROI. - Answer -forearm
used scan passes at correspondingly spaced intervals along the region of interest, and
was used to calculate the mass of mineral per unit of length of the bone. - Answer -
Newer SPA scanners
For new SPA scanners the photon beam was originally created using? and later
switching to only? - Answer -iodine-125 or americium-241; Iodine-125
1. The tissue had to be covered in water.
2. limited to extremities. - Answer -Limitations of SPA Scanners
Results of ___________ were presented as bone mineral content in grams, or bone
mineral density in grams per centimeter. - Answer -SPA scans
The accuracy of SPA was - Answer -3 to 5 %
The precision of SPA was - Answer -1 to 2 %
The goal of dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) - Answer -Assess bone density
used either an isotope which releases photon energy at two consistent photoelectric
peaks, or two isotopes, each releasing energy at a different photoelectric peak. -
Answer -DPA
Each photoelectric peak attenuates differently, depending on what tissue it interacts
with. By measuring the attenuation of each peak and evaluating it against a reference,
the composition of the scanned tissue can be determined. If one of the peaks is
attenuated more by bone, and the other more by soft tissue, then the influences of soft
