The Unfinished Nation Chapter 31 Practice Exams
Questions & Answers Already Graded A+
Jimmy Carter - Answer (827) Appealed to general unhappiness with Washington by offering honesty,
piety, and an outsider's skepticism of fed govt. Democrat. Elected in 1976. Devoted time to problems of
energy and economy.
Ronald Reagan - Answer (826) Former CA governor and leader of Republican's conservative wing. Spoke
for many on the right who opposed any agreements with communists.
Reaganomics/"Supply-side" economics/"trickle-down" economics - Answer (838) Operated from the
assumption that woes for American economy were in large part a result of excessive taxation... solution
was to reduce taxes, with generous benefits to corporations and wealthy individuals in order to
encourage new investments.
"entitlement" programs - Answer (841) Like Social Security and Medicare. Budget suffered from its
increase of costs... result of aging population and dramatic increases in the cost of health care.
Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") - Answer (841) Named after popular movie... The most
ambitious (/expensive) new military program launched by Reagan. Through use of lasers and satellites,
SDI could provide effective shield against incoming missiles and thus make nuclear war obsolete. Soviet
Union insisted that any arms control agreement must begin with American abandonment of this.
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) - Answer (842) Guerrillas... 1982 an Israeli army launched
invasion of Lebanon to drive them out from the country. American peacekeeping force entered Beirut to
supervise their evacuation.... Reagan eventually withdrew.
Mikhail Gorbachev - Answer (843,5) Leader of Soviet Union in 1984 and became most revolutionary
figure in world politics.
1991 Evident that legitimacy of both Communist Party and central Soviet govt had been fatally injured.
Resigned as leader of now virtually powerless Communist Party and Soviet govt, and the Soviet Union
ceased to exist
Oliver North, Iran-Contra Scandal - Answer (846) Obscure marine lieutenant colonel assigned to staff of
National Security Council. Acting in concert with other, more powerful figures in administration. Did
, serious damage to Reagan presidency, even though investigations were never able to decisively tie the
president himself to the most serious violations of the law.
SALT II - Answer (826, 829) 1974 Ford met with Leonid Brezhnev at Vladivostok in Siberia....
Carter went to Vienna with Brezhnev to finish drafting agreement that limits number of long-range
missiles, bombers, and nuclear warheads on each side. Met with fierce conservative opposition in US.
"malaise" speech - Answer (827) After Carter went to Camp David (presidential retreat), he delivered
television address with series of proposals for resolving energy crisis. He had a bleak assessment of the
national condition and his claim that there was a "crisis of confidence" that had struck "at the very heart
and soul of our national will." Helped to fuel charges that president was trying to blame his own
problems on the American people
Panama Canal Treaty - Answer (828) Carter began negogiating treaties to turn over control of Panama
Canal to the govt of Panama. Senate ratified
Camp David Accords - Answer (828) Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar
Sadat were invited by Carter to summit conference at Camp David in 1978. Early 1979 they went to
White House to sign formal peace treaty btwn their two nations.
Ayatollah Ruhollo Khomeini - Answer (829) Iran's religious leader who was fiercely anti-Western and
anti-American. 1979 deposed shah went to NY... days later, armed mob invaded AMerican embassy in
Tehran, seized Americans and demanded return of the shah to Iran. Meanwhile, Soviet troops invaded
Afganistan
Sagebrush Rebellion - Answer (831) Rise of the "Sunbelt" (regions that emerged together in postwar era
to become basis of a changing economy and distinctive political culture). Mobilized conservative
opposition to environmental laws and restrictions on development. Sought to portray West as victim of
govt control. Demanded that lots fed govt land be opened for development
Billy Graham - Answer (831) 1950s Evangelicals and Pentecostals began to attract huge national (and
international) followings for their energetic revivalism.
Moral Majority/Christian Coalition - Answer (832) "Christian right" became powerful political force.
Fundamentalist minister launched highly visible movement.
Questions & Answers Already Graded A+
Jimmy Carter - Answer (827) Appealed to general unhappiness with Washington by offering honesty,
piety, and an outsider's skepticism of fed govt. Democrat. Elected in 1976. Devoted time to problems of
energy and economy.
Ronald Reagan - Answer (826) Former CA governor and leader of Republican's conservative wing. Spoke
for many on the right who opposed any agreements with communists.
Reaganomics/"Supply-side" economics/"trickle-down" economics - Answer (838) Operated from the
assumption that woes for American economy were in large part a result of excessive taxation... solution
was to reduce taxes, with generous benefits to corporations and wealthy individuals in order to
encourage new investments.
"entitlement" programs - Answer (841) Like Social Security and Medicare. Budget suffered from its
increase of costs... result of aging population and dramatic increases in the cost of health care.
Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") - Answer (841) Named after popular movie... The most
ambitious (/expensive) new military program launched by Reagan. Through use of lasers and satellites,
SDI could provide effective shield against incoming missiles and thus make nuclear war obsolete. Soviet
Union insisted that any arms control agreement must begin with American abandonment of this.
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) - Answer (842) Guerrillas... 1982 an Israeli army launched
invasion of Lebanon to drive them out from the country. American peacekeeping force entered Beirut to
supervise their evacuation.... Reagan eventually withdrew.
Mikhail Gorbachev - Answer (843,5) Leader of Soviet Union in 1984 and became most revolutionary
figure in world politics.
1991 Evident that legitimacy of both Communist Party and central Soviet govt had been fatally injured.
Resigned as leader of now virtually powerless Communist Party and Soviet govt, and the Soviet Union
ceased to exist
Oliver North, Iran-Contra Scandal - Answer (846) Obscure marine lieutenant colonel assigned to staff of
National Security Council. Acting in concert with other, more powerful figures in administration. Did
, serious damage to Reagan presidency, even though investigations were never able to decisively tie the
president himself to the most serious violations of the law.
SALT II - Answer (826, 829) 1974 Ford met with Leonid Brezhnev at Vladivostok in Siberia....
Carter went to Vienna with Brezhnev to finish drafting agreement that limits number of long-range
missiles, bombers, and nuclear warheads on each side. Met with fierce conservative opposition in US.
"malaise" speech - Answer (827) After Carter went to Camp David (presidential retreat), he delivered
television address with series of proposals for resolving energy crisis. He had a bleak assessment of the
national condition and his claim that there was a "crisis of confidence" that had struck "at the very heart
and soul of our national will." Helped to fuel charges that president was trying to blame his own
problems on the American people
Panama Canal Treaty - Answer (828) Carter began negogiating treaties to turn over control of Panama
Canal to the govt of Panama. Senate ratified
Camp David Accords - Answer (828) Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar
Sadat were invited by Carter to summit conference at Camp David in 1978. Early 1979 they went to
White House to sign formal peace treaty btwn their two nations.
Ayatollah Ruhollo Khomeini - Answer (829) Iran's religious leader who was fiercely anti-Western and
anti-American. 1979 deposed shah went to NY... days later, armed mob invaded AMerican embassy in
Tehran, seized Americans and demanded return of the shah to Iran. Meanwhile, Soviet troops invaded
Afganistan
Sagebrush Rebellion - Answer (831) Rise of the "Sunbelt" (regions that emerged together in postwar era
to become basis of a changing economy and distinctive political culture). Mobilized conservative
opposition to environmental laws and restrictions on development. Sought to portray West as victim of
govt control. Demanded that lots fed govt land be opened for development
Billy Graham - Answer (831) 1950s Evangelicals and Pentecostals began to attract huge national (and
international) followings for their energetic revivalism.
Moral Majority/Christian Coalition - Answer (832) "Christian right" became powerful political force.
Fundamentalist minister launched highly visible movement.
