NSG 232 exam 4 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
sodium - Answers 135-145
potassium - Answers 3.5-5
BUN - Answers 5-20; waste product of protein metabolism, not as sensitive of an indicator as
creatinine, values affected by: protein intake, tissue breakdown, and fluid volume changes
creatinine - Answers 0.6-1.2; waste product from muscle metabolism, good indicator of kidney
function
glucose - Answers 70-100
calcium - Answers 8.5-10.5
chloride - Answers 95-105
bicarbonate - Answers 23-29
pH - Answers 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - Answers 45-35 mmHg
acid--respiratory
HCO3 - Answers 22-26
base--metabolic
which clinical presentation would lead the nurse to suspect that a patient is experiencing
hypermagnesemia? - Answers hot flushed skin and hypoactive reflexes
a patient has hypocalcemia. which of the following symptoms would the nurse NOT expect? -
Answers kidney stones
a patient has metabolic acidosis. the nurse would expect their HCO3 level to be: - Answers 18-
20 mm Hg
the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome. the nurse knows this is a
genetic kidney disorder characterized by potassium and magnesium wasting via the renal
tubules. in addition to increased potassium and magnesium excretion there are increased
amounts of bicarbonate into blood. the nurse knows that the acid-base imbalance this client is
at the highest risk for: - Answers metabolic alkalosis
, acidosis results from increasing levels of what ion? - Answers hydrogen
which patient is most at risk for hypomagnesemia? - Answers a 55-year old who chronically
abuses alcohol
your patient's lab test revealed that their serum calcium is 2.5. which assessment data does the
nurse document when a patient diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a caropedal spasm
after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated? - Answers positive trousseau's sign
the nurse is preparing to care for a patient with hypokalemia. the nurse reviews the patient's
record and determines the patient was at risk for developing hypokalemia because of what
condition? - Answers bulimia nervosa
a patient presents to the ED with a heart rate of 110 bpm, orthostatic blood pressure and heart
rate alterations, a paste-like coating on their tongue, and mild confusion. based on these
assessment findings, the nurse suspects the patient has which condition? - Answers
dehydration
which patient is most at risk for an electrolyte imbalance? - Answers an 8-month-old with a fever
of 102.3 and diarrhea
isotonic solution - Answers similar to blood osmolality, remain inside the intravascular
compartments, no fluid shifting occurs, no net loss or gain from the ICF, expands only ECF
(ideal for patients with hypovolemia or hypotension); 0.9% saline, lactated ringer's solution
hypotonic solution - Answers osmolality lower than blood osmolality, water moves out of blood
vessel into the interstitial tissue, patient needing water replacement; 5% dextrose (D5W), 0.45%
saline (1/2NS), 0.33% saline, 0.25% saline
hypertonic solution - Answers osmolality greater than blood osmolality, initially raises the
osmolality of ECF, water moves from ICF and interstitial compartments into vascular space,
treatment of hypovolemia, hyponatremia, and shock, require frequent monitoring of BP, lung
sounds, and serum Na levels; volume expanders (Dextran, Albumin), D10% W, D5% 1/2 NS, D5%
NS, D5% LR
normal saline (NS, 0.9% NS) - Answers isotonic, no calories, free water, or other electrolytes,
more NaCl than ECF (excessive administration can result in elevated Na and Cl levels); mild
hyponatremia, use with blood transfusions, compatible with most medications
lactated ringer's (LR) - Answers isotonic, more similar to plasma than NS (has less NaCl; has K,
Ca, lactate which metabolized to HCO3), does not provide calories; fluid and electrolyte
replenisher for dehydration from nausea and vomiting, burns, wounds... has some
incompatibilities with medications
5% dextrose in water (D5W) - Answers isotonic but physiologically hypotonic, provides 50 g/L of
sodium - Answers 135-145
potassium - Answers 3.5-5
BUN - Answers 5-20; waste product of protein metabolism, not as sensitive of an indicator as
creatinine, values affected by: protein intake, tissue breakdown, and fluid volume changes
creatinine - Answers 0.6-1.2; waste product from muscle metabolism, good indicator of kidney
function
glucose - Answers 70-100
calcium - Answers 8.5-10.5
chloride - Answers 95-105
bicarbonate - Answers 23-29
pH - Answers 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 - Answers 45-35 mmHg
acid--respiratory
HCO3 - Answers 22-26
base--metabolic
which clinical presentation would lead the nurse to suspect that a patient is experiencing
hypermagnesemia? - Answers hot flushed skin and hypoactive reflexes
a patient has hypocalcemia. which of the following symptoms would the nurse NOT expect? -
Answers kidney stones
a patient has metabolic acidosis. the nurse would expect their HCO3 level to be: - Answers 18-
20 mm Hg
the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome. the nurse knows this is a
genetic kidney disorder characterized by potassium and magnesium wasting via the renal
tubules. in addition to increased potassium and magnesium excretion there are increased
amounts of bicarbonate into blood. the nurse knows that the acid-base imbalance this client is
at the highest risk for: - Answers metabolic alkalosis
, acidosis results from increasing levels of what ion? - Answers hydrogen
which patient is most at risk for hypomagnesemia? - Answers a 55-year old who chronically
abuses alcohol
your patient's lab test revealed that their serum calcium is 2.5. which assessment data does the
nurse document when a patient diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a caropedal spasm
after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated? - Answers positive trousseau's sign
the nurse is preparing to care for a patient with hypokalemia. the nurse reviews the patient's
record and determines the patient was at risk for developing hypokalemia because of what
condition? - Answers bulimia nervosa
a patient presents to the ED with a heart rate of 110 bpm, orthostatic blood pressure and heart
rate alterations, a paste-like coating on their tongue, and mild confusion. based on these
assessment findings, the nurse suspects the patient has which condition? - Answers
dehydration
which patient is most at risk for an electrolyte imbalance? - Answers an 8-month-old with a fever
of 102.3 and diarrhea
isotonic solution - Answers similar to blood osmolality, remain inside the intravascular
compartments, no fluid shifting occurs, no net loss or gain from the ICF, expands only ECF
(ideal for patients with hypovolemia or hypotension); 0.9% saline, lactated ringer's solution
hypotonic solution - Answers osmolality lower than blood osmolality, water moves out of blood
vessel into the interstitial tissue, patient needing water replacement; 5% dextrose (D5W), 0.45%
saline (1/2NS), 0.33% saline, 0.25% saline
hypertonic solution - Answers osmolality greater than blood osmolality, initially raises the
osmolality of ECF, water moves from ICF and interstitial compartments into vascular space,
treatment of hypovolemia, hyponatremia, and shock, require frequent monitoring of BP, lung
sounds, and serum Na levels; volume expanders (Dextran, Albumin), D10% W, D5% 1/2 NS, D5%
NS, D5% LR
normal saline (NS, 0.9% NS) - Answers isotonic, no calories, free water, or other electrolytes,
more NaCl than ECF (excessive administration can result in elevated Na and Cl levels); mild
hyponatremia, use with blood transfusions, compatible with most medications
lactated ringer's (LR) - Answers isotonic, more similar to plasma than NS (has less NaCl; has K,
Ca, lactate which metabolized to HCO3), does not provide calories; fluid and electrolyte
replenisher for dehydration from nausea and vomiting, burns, wounds... has some
incompatibilities with medications
5% dextrose in water (D5W) - Answers isotonic but physiologically hypotonic, provides 50 g/L of
