Nur 165: Fluid & Electrolytes Questions With Complete
Solutions
acid-base balance Correct Answers depends on chemical
reactions, accomplished by keeping pH within normal pH has
narrowest range of normal with the tightest control mechanisms
of all electrolytes
Acid-Base balance changes Correct Answers interfere with
many normal functions by changing shape of hormones and
enzymes
changing distribution of other electrolytes, causing fluid and
electrolyte imbalances
changing excitable membranes
decreasing effectiveness of many hormones and drugs
Acidosis vs Alkalosis Correct Answers Acidosis is low pH
Alkalosis is High pH
caused either by respiratory or metabloic
Acids Correct Answers release hydrogen ions when dissolved
in H20
an acid increase free hydrogen
strong acids dissociate completely
substance that donate H= to a base
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ammonium ion, lactic acid, acetic
acid and carbonic acid
Aldosterone is produces as the result of what? Correct Answers
Renin-angiotensin mechanism acts to regulate fluid volume
,As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Magnesium do?
Correct Answers Responsible for enzyme reactions,
neuromuscular contractions, normal functioning of nervous and
cardiovascular systems, protein synthesis, and Sodium and
Potassium ion transportation.
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Phosphate do? Correct
Answers Responsible for energy metabolism
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Potassium do? Correct
Answers Responsible for cell excitability, nerve impulse
conduction, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction,
myocardial membrane responsiveness, and intracellular
osmolality.
K is also depolarization and generation of action potentials and
regulating protein synthesis and glucose use an storage Very
important for cardiac contraction.
base Correct Answers binds free hydrogen ions
hydrogen acceptors that reduce free hydrogen ions
strong bases NaOH and NH3
weak bases AlOH3 and HCO-3(bicarbonate)
bicarbonate prevents major changes in body fluid
substance that accepts or binds H+
ammonia, lactate, acetate, bicarbonate
buffers Correct Answers either release a hydrogen ion or bind
a hydrogen ion. they react as acid releasing a hydrogen ion or as
a base binding hydrogen ion
,buffers act like hydrogen ion sponges soaking up hydrogen ions
when too many are present and squeezing out hydrogen ions
when too few are present.
Calcium Details Correct Answers divalent cation - bound is
attached to proteins and ionized is in blood and ECF as free
calcium. Free calcium is kept in tight range. Only small amount
in ECF.
requires D3 for absorption and is absorbed thru intestinal tract
stored in bones
Parathyroid hormone - more calcium is needed increases serum
levels by releasing stored Ca and stimulating vit D to increase
intestinal reabsorption, inhibit kidney Ca excretion/stimulate
reabsorption.
Thyrocalcitonin - when less is needed, thyroid gland increases
TCT which drops plasma Ca levels by inhibiting bone
resorption/Vit D intestinal uptake and increasing kidney
excretion of calcium.
excitable membrane stabilizer, regulating depolarization and
generates cation potential
decreases sodium movement
steep gradients between ECF and ICF
Chloride Correct Answers 98-106 mEq/L
minor ICF because cell membrane repels CL and prevents if
from crossing (negative membrane repels negative Cl) enters the
cell exchanged for antoehr anion that is leaving the cell (chloride
shift) which decreases plasma Cl without a net body loss of Cl .
most commonly exchanged with Bicarbonate.
major ECF anion- important in hydrochloric acid in stomach
, imbalance occur as a result of other electrolyte imbalance
corrected by interventions for correcting the other electrolyte or
acid-base problems. the exception is ine severe excessive
vomiting or prolonged gastric suction.
Clinical Significance of BP Correct Answers hydrostatic
filtering force. Moves whole blood from the heart to capillaries
so filtration can exchange water, nutrients, and waste products
between blood and tissues.
Clinical Significance of Diffusion Correct Answers transport
of most electrolytes and particles through cell membranes.
Clinical Significance of Edema Correct Answers develops as a
result of changes in normal hydrostatic pressure differences
Clinical significance of Osmosis and Filtration Correct Answers
thirst mechanism is an example of osmosis maintaining
homeostasis. Feeling of thirst is caused by activation of cells in
the brain that respond to changes in ECF osmolarity. they act
together at capilarry membrane to control ECF and ICF volumes
Combined meta and resp acid = ? Correct Answers Death if
left untreated
Describe active transport Correct Answers Solutes move from
an area of lower to an area of higher concentration using energy
Describe diffusion Correct Answers Solutes move from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
using no energy
Solutions
acid-base balance Correct Answers depends on chemical
reactions, accomplished by keeping pH within normal pH has
narrowest range of normal with the tightest control mechanisms
of all electrolytes
Acid-Base balance changes Correct Answers interfere with
many normal functions by changing shape of hormones and
enzymes
changing distribution of other electrolytes, causing fluid and
electrolyte imbalances
changing excitable membranes
decreasing effectiveness of many hormones and drugs
Acidosis vs Alkalosis Correct Answers Acidosis is low pH
Alkalosis is High pH
caused either by respiratory or metabloic
Acids Correct Answers release hydrogen ions when dissolved
in H20
an acid increase free hydrogen
strong acids dissociate completely
substance that donate H= to a base
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ammonium ion, lactic acid, acetic
acid and carbonic acid
Aldosterone is produces as the result of what? Correct Answers
Renin-angiotensin mechanism acts to regulate fluid volume
,As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Magnesium do?
Correct Answers Responsible for enzyme reactions,
neuromuscular contractions, normal functioning of nervous and
cardiovascular systems, protein synthesis, and Sodium and
Potassium ion transportation.
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Phosphate do? Correct
Answers Responsible for energy metabolism
As an intracellular electrolyte, what does Potassium do? Correct
Answers Responsible for cell excitability, nerve impulse
conduction, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction,
myocardial membrane responsiveness, and intracellular
osmolality.
K is also depolarization and generation of action potentials and
regulating protein synthesis and glucose use an storage Very
important for cardiac contraction.
base Correct Answers binds free hydrogen ions
hydrogen acceptors that reduce free hydrogen ions
strong bases NaOH and NH3
weak bases AlOH3 and HCO-3(bicarbonate)
bicarbonate prevents major changes in body fluid
substance that accepts or binds H+
ammonia, lactate, acetate, bicarbonate
buffers Correct Answers either release a hydrogen ion or bind
a hydrogen ion. they react as acid releasing a hydrogen ion or as
a base binding hydrogen ion
,buffers act like hydrogen ion sponges soaking up hydrogen ions
when too many are present and squeezing out hydrogen ions
when too few are present.
Calcium Details Correct Answers divalent cation - bound is
attached to proteins and ionized is in blood and ECF as free
calcium. Free calcium is kept in tight range. Only small amount
in ECF.
requires D3 for absorption and is absorbed thru intestinal tract
stored in bones
Parathyroid hormone - more calcium is needed increases serum
levels by releasing stored Ca and stimulating vit D to increase
intestinal reabsorption, inhibit kidney Ca excretion/stimulate
reabsorption.
Thyrocalcitonin - when less is needed, thyroid gland increases
TCT which drops plasma Ca levels by inhibiting bone
resorption/Vit D intestinal uptake and increasing kidney
excretion of calcium.
excitable membrane stabilizer, regulating depolarization and
generates cation potential
decreases sodium movement
steep gradients between ECF and ICF
Chloride Correct Answers 98-106 mEq/L
minor ICF because cell membrane repels CL and prevents if
from crossing (negative membrane repels negative Cl) enters the
cell exchanged for antoehr anion that is leaving the cell (chloride
shift) which decreases plasma Cl without a net body loss of Cl .
most commonly exchanged with Bicarbonate.
major ECF anion- important in hydrochloric acid in stomach
, imbalance occur as a result of other electrolyte imbalance
corrected by interventions for correcting the other electrolyte or
acid-base problems. the exception is ine severe excessive
vomiting or prolonged gastric suction.
Clinical Significance of BP Correct Answers hydrostatic
filtering force. Moves whole blood from the heart to capillaries
so filtration can exchange water, nutrients, and waste products
between blood and tissues.
Clinical Significance of Diffusion Correct Answers transport
of most electrolytes and particles through cell membranes.
Clinical Significance of Edema Correct Answers develops as a
result of changes in normal hydrostatic pressure differences
Clinical significance of Osmosis and Filtration Correct Answers
thirst mechanism is an example of osmosis maintaining
homeostasis. Feeling of thirst is caused by activation of cells in
the brain that respond to changes in ECF osmolarity. they act
together at capilarry membrane to control ECF and ICF volumes
Combined meta and resp acid = ? Correct Answers Death if
left untreated
Describe active transport Correct Answers Solutes move from
an area of lower to an area of higher concentration using energy
Describe diffusion Correct Answers Solutes move from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
using no energy
