1.
A patient presents with a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Which directional term best
describes the position of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral body in this region?
A) Posterior
B) Lateral
C) Distal
D) Inferior
ANSWER: A) Posterior
Rationale: The spinal cord is positioned posterior to the vertebral body in the lumbar region,
meaning it is located behind the vertebral body.
2.
Which organelle would be most prominent in hepatocytes (liver cells) actively involved in
detoxifying drugs?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
ANSWER: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rationale: Smooth ER is responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and
poisons.
3.
During a laboratory dissection, you are asked to locate the spleen. What is the most accurate
description of its location using anatomical terminology?
A) Right lower quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right upper quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant
ANSWER: B) Left upper quadrant
Rationale: The spleen is situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
4.
A biochemistry experiment requires the transport of glucose against its concentration gradient
across the plasma membrane. Which process is most directly responsible?
A) Diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
ANSWER: C) Active transport
,Rationale: Active transport uses energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration
gradient.
5.
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?
A) Sagittal
B) Frontal (coronal)
C) Transverse
D) Oblique
ANSWER: B) Frontal (coronal)
Rationale: The frontal (or coronal) plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior
(back) sections.
6.
A patient is in anatomical position. Which term correctly describes the relationship of the palms
to the thighs?
A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Posterior
D) Proximal
ANSWER: A) Lateral
Rationale: With the body in anatomical position, the palms face forward and are lateral to the
thighs.
7.
Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for selective permeability?
A) Peripheral proteins
B) Phospholipid bilayer
C) Cholesterol
D) Glycoproteins
ANSWER: B) Phospholipid bilayer
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic core prevents passage of water-soluble
molecules, thus controlling permeability.
8.
A neuron uses which type of organelle in abundance to meet its high energy demands?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Nucleus
C) Peroxisome
D) Ribosome
ANSWER: A) Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP required for active processes in neurons.
9.
Which anatomical term is used to describe a structure closer to the surface of the body?
A) Deep
B) Inferior
C) Superior
D) Superficial
,ANSWER: D) Superficial
Rationale: Superficial means closer to or at the body’s surface.
10.
Damage to the ribosomes in a cell would directly interfere with:
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid metabolism
C) DNA replication
D) Carbohydrate storage
ANSWER: A) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary sites of protein synthesis.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11.
The directional term _______ refers to a part that is closer to the head than another part.
ANSWER: Superior
Rationale: Superior means above or towards the head.
12.
______ are specialized cell junctions that allow small molecules and ions to directly pass from
one cell to another for communication.
ANSWER: Gap junctions
Rationale: Gap junctions form channels enabling intercellular communication.
13.
The ________ endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis due to the presence of
bound ribosomes.
ANSWER: Rough
Rationale: Ribosomes bound to rough ER synthesize proteins.
14.
The mediastinum is located within the _______ cavity.
ANSWER: Thoracic
Rationale: The mediastinum is centrally located in the thoracic cavity.
15.
In anatomical terminology, the thumb is _______ to the pinky finger, in reference to the
anatomical position.
ANSWER: Lateral
Rationale: The thumb is on the lateral side of the hand.
True/False Questions
16.
True or False: Lysosomes are responsible for cellular digestion and the breakdown of damaged
organelles.
ANSWER: True
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion and recycling in cells.
17.
, True or False: The term “distal” describes a structure closer to the trunk of the body.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: Distal means further from the trunk; proximal means closer.
18.
True or False: Simple diffusion requires ATP to move molecules across the cell membrane.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: Simple diffusion is a passive process that doesn't require ATP.
19.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for
secretion.
ANSWER: True
Rationale: The Golgi complex processes and packages proteins.
20.
True or False: The parietal pericardium is in direct contact with the heart muscle.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: The visceral pericardium is in direct contact with the heart; the parietal pericardium
lines the pericardial cavity.
Multiple Response Questions (Select All That Apply)
21.
Which of the following can be found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Lysosomes
ANSWER: A, C, D
Rationale: The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope and is not considered part of the
cytoplasm.
22.
Which organelles are involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins? (Select
all that apply.)
A) Rough ER
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Ribosomes
ANSWER: A, C, D
Rationale: Rough ER and ribosomes synthesize proteins; Golgi modifies and transports them.
23.
Which structural features are associated with the plasma membrane function? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Phospholipid bilayer
B) Channel proteins
C) Microvilli
A patient presents with a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Which directional term best
describes the position of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral body in this region?
A) Posterior
B) Lateral
C) Distal
D) Inferior
ANSWER: A) Posterior
Rationale: The spinal cord is positioned posterior to the vertebral body in the lumbar region,
meaning it is located behind the vertebral body.
2.
Which organelle would be most prominent in hepatocytes (liver cells) actively involved in
detoxifying drugs?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
ANSWER: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rationale: Smooth ER is responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and
poisons.
3.
During a laboratory dissection, you are asked to locate the spleen. What is the most accurate
description of its location using anatomical terminology?
A) Right lower quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right upper quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant
ANSWER: B) Left upper quadrant
Rationale: The spleen is situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
4.
A biochemistry experiment requires the transport of glucose against its concentration gradient
across the plasma membrane. Which process is most directly responsible?
A) Diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
ANSWER: C) Active transport
,Rationale: Active transport uses energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration
gradient.
5.
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?
A) Sagittal
B) Frontal (coronal)
C) Transverse
D) Oblique
ANSWER: B) Frontal (coronal)
Rationale: The frontal (or coronal) plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior
(back) sections.
6.
A patient is in anatomical position. Which term correctly describes the relationship of the palms
to the thighs?
A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Posterior
D) Proximal
ANSWER: A) Lateral
Rationale: With the body in anatomical position, the palms face forward and are lateral to the
thighs.
7.
Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for selective permeability?
A) Peripheral proteins
B) Phospholipid bilayer
C) Cholesterol
D) Glycoproteins
ANSWER: B) Phospholipid bilayer
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic core prevents passage of water-soluble
molecules, thus controlling permeability.
8.
A neuron uses which type of organelle in abundance to meet its high energy demands?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Nucleus
C) Peroxisome
D) Ribosome
ANSWER: A) Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP required for active processes in neurons.
9.
Which anatomical term is used to describe a structure closer to the surface of the body?
A) Deep
B) Inferior
C) Superior
D) Superficial
,ANSWER: D) Superficial
Rationale: Superficial means closer to or at the body’s surface.
10.
Damage to the ribosomes in a cell would directly interfere with:
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid metabolism
C) DNA replication
D) Carbohydrate storage
ANSWER: A) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary sites of protein synthesis.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11.
The directional term _______ refers to a part that is closer to the head than another part.
ANSWER: Superior
Rationale: Superior means above or towards the head.
12.
______ are specialized cell junctions that allow small molecules and ions to directly pass from
one cell to another for communication.
ANSWER: Gap junctions
Rationale: Gap junctions form channels enabling intercellular communication.
13.
The ________ endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis due to the presence of
bound ribosomes.
ANSWER: Rough
Rationale: Ribosomes bound to rough ER synthesize proteins.
14.
The mediastinum is located within the _______ cavity.
ANSWER: Thoracic
Rationale: The mediastinum is centrally located in the thoracic cavity.
15.
In anatomical terminology, the thumb is _______ to the pinky finger, in reference to the
anatomical position.
ANSWER: Lateral
Rationale: The thumb is on the lateral side of the hand.
True/False Questions
16.
True or False: Lysosomes are responsible for cellular digestion and the breakdown of damaged
organelles.
ANSWER: True
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion and recycling in cells.
17.
, True or False: The term “distal” describes a structure closer to the trunk of the body.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: Distal means further from the trunk; proximal means closer.
18.
True or False: Simple diffusion requires ATP to move molecules across the cell membrane.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: Simple diffusion is a passive process that doesn't require ATP.
19.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for
secretion.
ANSWER: True
Rationale: The Golgi complex processes and packages proteins.
20.
True or False: The parietal pericardium is in direct contact with the heart muscle.
ANSWER: False
Rationale: The visceral pericardium is in direct contact with the heart; the parietal pericardium
lines the pericardial cavity.
Multiple Response Questions (Select All That Apply)
21.
Which of the following can be found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Lysosomes
ANSWER: A, C, D
Rationale: The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope and is not considered part of the
cytoplasm.
22.
Which organelles are involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins? (Select
all that apply.)
A) Rough ER
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Ribosomes
ANSWER: A, C, D
Rationale: Rough ER and ribosomes synthesize proteins; Golgi modifies and transports them.
23.
Which structural features are associated with the plasma membrane function? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Phospholipid bilayer
B) Channel proteins
C) Microvilli
