Anatomy and Physiology 1 – Exam 1 Practice Questions & Verified Answers (2025) A+
Graded
anatomy study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome which means to
cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims studying the relationships
among parts of the body and the structure of individual organs CORRECT ANSWER
physiology the study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine how organs and
body systems function under normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered
with medication or disease CORRECT ANSWER branches of anatomy microscopic-
structures that cannot be observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete
unit) CORRECT ANSWER embryology discipline concerned with developmental changes
occuring from conception to birth CORRECT ANSWER comparative A&P examines
similarities and differences of anatomy and physiology of different species CORRECT
ANSWER pathophysiology relationship between the functioning of an organ system and
disease or injury to that organ system CORRECT ANSWER basic qualities of life
organization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism (smaller
molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and often
grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental
changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
CORRECT ANSWER organization of the human body chemical level- consists of atoms,
molecules, macromolecules, and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together for specific,
complex functions
, organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities and acheive a common
function CORRECT ANSWER anterior in front of CORRECT ANSWER posterior in back
of CORRECT ANSWER dorsal on the backside of the human body CORRECT ANSWER
ventral on the belly side of the human body CORRECT ANSWER superior closer to the
head CORRECT ANSWER inferior closer to the feet CORRECT ANSWER deep
on the inside CORRECT ANSWER superficial on the outside CORRECT ANSWER
homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
or "steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to external temperature, the body
maintains a steady state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss;
nervous system regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus
control center - interprets input from the receptor and initiates change through the effector;
parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels
effector- structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus; muscles in the lungs that
bring air flow CORRECT ANSWER positive feedback set point-- what is normal
action occurs that reinforces the response; mother breast feeds baby: suckling causes receptors to
signal to hypothalamus to release oxytocin causing breast tissue to produce milk CORRECT
ANSWER negative feedback detecting a change and then initiating the opposite response
to return to the set point (if it's hot, bringing heat to the surface of the skin so the body loses heat,
if cold withdrawing blood to vessels, skeletal muscles shiver, no sweat, withdraw foot when
stepping on glass) CORRECT ANSWER atoms protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons
(very little weight)
atomic number is based on protons
amu is based on protons and nuetrons CORRECT ANSWER types of chemical bonds ionic
bond- bond that transfers electrons, stronger; form salts
covalent bond- bond that shares electrons, weaker, can be single, double, triple; form molecular
compounds CORRECT ANSWER major elements of the human body Oxygen (65%),
Carbon(18), Hydrogen (10), Nitrogen (3), Calcium, Phosphorous, CORRECT ANSWER
cation positively charged ion CORRECT ANSWER anion negatively charged ion
CORRECT ANSWER electrolyte substances that both dissolve and dissociate in water that
create electric currents CORRECT ANSWER organic molecules molecules that contain carbon
CORRECT ANSWER lipids type of organic molecule made up of fatty acids and
steroids; water insoluble
triglycerides- (H2CO)3 (3 glycerol and fatty acid chains (H2C)n )
phospholipids- phosphate, various organic molecules, glycerol, and fatty acids
steroids- like cholesterol, 4 hydrocarbon rings
Graded
anatomy study of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome which means to
cut apart or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims studying the relationships
among parts of the body and the structure of individual organs CORRECT ANSWER
physiology the study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine how organs and
body systems function under normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered
with medication or disease CORRECT ANSWER branches of anatomy microscopic-
structures that cannot be observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete
unit) CORRECT ANSWER embryology discipline concerned with developmental changes
occuring from conception to birth CORRECT ANSWER comparative A&P examines
similarities and differences of anatomy and physiology of different species CORRECT
ANSWER pathophysiology relationship between the functioning of an organ system and
disease or injury to that organ system CORRECT ANSWER basic qualities of life
organization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism (smaller
molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and often
grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental
changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
CORRECT ANSWER organization of the human body chemical level- consists of atoms,
molecules, macromolecules, and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together for specific,
complex functions
, organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities and acheive a common
function CORRECT ANSWER anterior in front of CORRECT ANSWER posterior in back
of CORRECT ANSWER dorsal on the backside of the human body CORRECT ANSWER
ventral on the belly side of the human body CORRECT ANSWER superior closer to the
head CORRECT ANSWER inferior closer to the feet CORRECT ANSWER deep
on the inside CORRECT ANSWER superficial on the outside CORRECT ANSWER
homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
or "steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to external temperature, the body
maintains a steady state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss;
nervous system regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus
control center - interprets input from the receptor and initiates change through the effector;
parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels
effector- structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus; muscles in the lungs that
bring air flow CORRECT ANSWER positive feedback set point-- what is normal
action occurs that reinforces the response; mother breast feeds baby: suckling causes receptors to
signal to hypothalamus to release oxytocin causing breast tissue to produce milk CORRECT
ANSWER negative feedback detecting a change and then initiating the opposite response
to return to the set point (if it's hot, bringing heat to the surface of the skin so the body loses heat,
if cold withdrawing blood to vessels, skeletal muscles shiver, no sweat, withdraw foot when
stepping on glass) CORRECT ANSWER atoms protons (+1 charge), nuetrons, and electrons
(very little weight)
atomic number is based on protons
amu is based on protons and nuetrons CORRECT ANSWER types of chemical bonds ionic
bond- bond that transfers electrons, stronger; form salts
covalent bond- bond that shares electrons, weaker, can be single, double, triple; form molecular
compounds CORRECT ANSWER major elements of the human body Oxygen (65%),
Carbon(18), Hydrogen (10), Nitrogen (3), Calcium, Phosphorous, CORRECT ANSWER
cation positively charged ion CORRECT ANSWER anion negatively charged ion
CORRECT ANSWER electrolyte substances that both dissolve and dissociate in water that
create electric currents CORRECT ANSWER organic molecules molecules that contain carbon
CORRECT ANSWER lipids type of organic molecule made up of fatty acids and
steroids; water insoluble
triglycerides- (H2CO)3 (3 glycerol and fatty acid chains (H2C)n )
phospholipids- phosphate, various organic molecules, glycerol, and fatty acids
steroids- like cholesterol, 4 hydrocarbon rings
