NUR 211 Exam 1 Best Opener Set 2025

Nurse-sensitive patient indicators - -quality indicators that capture care or patient outcomes most affected by nursing care Examples of nurse-sensitive indicators - -patient falls, medication administration errors, hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, restraint use, mislabeled specimens, patient deterioration, pain management Purpose of joint commission's national patient safety goals (NPSGS) - -to promote specific improvements in patient quality and safety Compliance with NPSGS ensures... - -quality and safe care for patients Responsibility - -the obligation to act or direct to accomplish a goal Accountability - -being held to answer for personal actions and actions of others Authority - -ability or legitimate power to make decisions, implement strategies, or elicit work from others Who does an RN delegate to? - -nursing care technicians, LPNS, nursing students, volunteers, other nurses Who retains the authority and accountability? - -the RN who delegated the tasks What care can the RN delegate? - -SAFE THINGS! Routine tasks and skills, skills that the person has been taught, tasks in job description, routine care, care to STABLE patients with predictable outcomes Never delegate... - -assessment, teaching, or evaluations of interventions Four rights of delegation - -right task, right person, right communication, right feedback Right task - -routine tasks, skills included in training programs and orientation, skills and tasks in which they have demonstrated competency, tasks in job description Right person - -properly trained, in job description, demonstrated competency, licensed vs. Unlicensed Right communication - -clear directions given, what to report back, safety precautions, verify understanding that they know what to do, be very clear with what information you need from them NUR 211 NUR 211 Right feedback - -monitor performance based on standards of care, policies, and procedures, RN is accountable, feedback on performance, documentation Obligation in ethical decisions - -always put the patient FIRST, maximize the client's well-being, balance client's need for autonomy with family members' responsibilities for the client's well-being, carry out hospital policies, protect nurse's standard of care How to enhance ethical decisions and practice? - -know the dilemma, know the ethics and standards applied to it, familiarity with ANA code of ethics for nurses, respect values and opinions of other hcps Specific ethical issues - -HIV/AIDS, abortion, organ transplantation, end-of-life issues, management of personal health information (HIPPA) Ethical decision-making process - -be informed and open, put the patient first, identify the options, decide which option you can ethically defend Principles of nursing - -autonomy, no maleficence, beneficence, justice, distributive justice, fidelity, veracity, and privacy Autonomy - -right to make one's own decisions Nonmaleficence - -duty to do no harm Beneficence - -doing good Justice - -fairness; equal treatment Distributive justice - -fairness in allocation of resources Fidelity - -be faithful to agreements and promises Veracity - -telling the truth Privacy - -keeping patient information confidential Barriers to time management - -procrastination, perfectionism, and inability to prioritize Goal of the state boards of nursing? - -protect the public Licensure is to... - -verify that you are a safe practitioner In order to be licensed by the state board of nursing... - -successfully complete a nursing program, successfully pass the NCLEX NUR 211 NUR 211 Standards compared to an RN - -nursing students are held to the SAME standard of care as the RN Differences? - -the assignment and the level of responsibility Roles of the nurse - -physical and psychological caregiver, perform skills, communicate findings, teach, advocate, counsel, act as a change agent, leader Scope of nursing - -promoting health & wellness, preventing illness, restoring health, care of the dying Nursing process - -assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation Diagnosis - -independent nursing interventions, a statement or conclusion, NANDA-I are the the standardized names for diagnoses, can be actual or potential, provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions Prioritize diagnoses with... - -abcs (airway, breathing, circulation) Purpose of standard statements - -common language, communicates what nurses do, distinguishes nurse's role, promotes quality care Types of nursing diagnoses - -wellness, risk, actual, potential complications (PC) How many parts does an ACTUAL diagnosis have? - -three parts What are the three parts? - -the NANDA label, the etiology, and the defining characteristics How many parts does a RISK diagnosis have? - -two parts What are the two parts? - -the NANDA label and the etiology (does not contain defining characteristics because it is potential) Etiology for actual diagnosis - -what is causing the nursing problem/diagnosis? Nursing diagnosis is related to the etiology (path cause), needs to be written in terms that nurses can do something about (pain, immobility, etc.), do not use medical diagnosis Etiology for risk diagnosis - -what are contributing factors to cause the problem or what could cause the problem? Nursing diagnosis is related to the etiology (patho cause), needs to be written in terms that nurses can do something about (medications, turn patient, etc.) Do not use medical diagnosis Etiology continued - -you may use "secondary to" after the etiology--can be the medical diagnosis or the condition explaining the r/t NUR 211 NUR 211 Third part of actual diagnosis - -don't use for risk diagnoses, AEB (as evidence by) your defining characteristics, what data do you have to support your diagnosis Priorities? - -abcs, change in vital signs, change in mental status, untreated medical problems, pain--ACTUAL diagnoses come before RISK Guidelines for writing goals - -patient-centered, singular (address one response), observable, measurable (no normal), time-limited (time frame for both outcome and goal), mutual factors, realistic Goal statement - -reverse the "problem", include a time frame Most important thing about interventions? - -should be geared towards achieving your goal for your patient Every nursing care plan should include interventions that... - -assess, monitor, implement, collaborate, psychosocial, and teach--all should be individualized Assess - -assess pain and intensity every 2 hours and PRN, assess skin every 12 hours, assess before you implement!! Monitor - -detecting changes, don't forget to include frequency Implement - -list what you will do for the client related to the problem, follow all with "as ordered by HCP" Collaborate - -think about other multidisciplinary teams you can work with to help the patient--if you do not have a collaborative intervention, you may use two implementations Psychosocial - -reassuring, relaxation, inquiring about feelings, reducing anxiety Teach - -there is ALWAYS some teaching appropriate for the client, include family in your plan to teach Best practices - -start each intervention with an action verb, individualize your interventions to your client! Scientific evidence - -written for assessment, implementation, and one other, source with page number must be documented Sources? - -research-based journal article, fundamentals book, other textbooks, DO NOT use lecture notes Evaluation - -refer to goal statement and outcome criteria, address each written outcome criteria, determine if goal has been met NUR 211 NUR 211 Sleep - -a basic human need, a universal biological process common to all people Somnology - -the study of sleep Benefits of sleep - -helps people cope with daily stressors, prevents fatigue, conserves energy, facilitates healing of damaged tissue/wounds, restores mind and body Phases of sleep - -NREM and REM NREM - -non-rapid eye movement (stages 1-4) REM - -rapid eye movement (stage 5) Stage 1 - -very light, only lasts a few minutes Stage 2 - -light sleep, lasts 10-15 minutes, eye movements stop and brain waves slow Stage 3/4 characteristics - -deeper sleep, heart and respiratory rates drop 20-30% below waking hours, difficult to arouse, sleepwalking/talking, night terrors, stage 4 characterized by slow delta waves, no eye movement or muscle activity, if awakened, sleeper may be groggy and disoriented Stage 3/4 results - -peak of growth hormone secretion, tissue repair, restorative, important for children/growing bodies to reach this s