WGU D291 Final Tested Exam 2025

Instructional Design - - - Systematically creating instructional content and assessments aligned with the learning needs of the target audience. - Work in particular order to achieve a set of specific learning goals. How many parts are there to the instructional design process? - - 1. Learner analysis 2. Needs analysis 3. Goal statement 4. Learning objectives 5. Learning structure and sequence (Architecture) 6. Alignment assessments and learning objectives 7. Learner engagement and transformation 8. Learning materials 9. Program Assessment tools 10. Program implementation 11. Program Analysis evaluation What does human centered design focus on? - -Empathy for learners What are the parts of human centered desgin? - - 1. application of learning 2. prior experience 3. needs 4. identities 5. culture 6. education 7. environment 8. context What are the three phases of human centered design? - - 1. inspiration - better understand people 2. ideation 3. implementation - test ideas What three characteristics does a human centered design solution require? - -1. Viable 2. Desirable 3. Feasible What are the steps for a human centered design? - -Design, Develop, Test/Launch, Evaluate WGU D291 WGU D291 What does ADDIE stand for - - Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation Describe experience design? - -- cultural relevance - perceptual psychology - context - activities - motivations - audience characterization - defines tangible versus intangible outcomes - value to users Describe interaction design? - -- information architecture - user interface - content strategy - visual representation - behavior of interactions - technology Describe user experience design? - -- information architecture - user interface - content strategy - visual representation - behavior of interactions - technology What does ADDIE focus on? - -learning goals, objectives, content, relevant sources What does SAM stand for? - -Successive Approximation Model What does SAM focus on? - -learning objectives, rapid, content What does UbD stand for? - -Understanding by Design What does UbD focus on? - -learner outcomes What does the SAM process/phases include? - -Preparation phase - information gathering Iterative design phase Iterative development phase WGU D291 WGU D291 What are the three steps of UbD? - - 1. Identify desired results 2. determine assessment evidence 3. plan learning experiences and instruction What is the focus of UbD? - -the focus is on the goal, the students' success in demonstrating understanding, and the ability to use what was learned. ADDIE model - -- 5 steps - each stage has to be completed before moving to the next stage. SAM model - -- iterative - rapid development process Design Thinking Process - -- human centered - highly iterative What are the five steps of design thinking? - -1. empathize 2. define 3. ideate 4. prototype 5. test What is behaviorism? - -Change in behavior supported by external stimuli What is the teachers job in behaviorism? - -1. determine which cues can elicit the desired response 2. practice situations 3. receive reinforcement for responses Behaviorism - -- learning means changes in observable performance - a response that is reinforced will recur - remembering, understanding, and applying - stimulus-response What is the process in behaviorism? - -Stimulus by teacher, response by teacher, reinforcement by teacher What is the cognitivist approach? - -Mental processing What are the three important domains of learning? - - 1. cognitive (thinking) 2. affective (feeling) 3. psycho-motor (doing) WGU D291 WGU D291 Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain - -creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying, understanding, remembering Three assumptions of cognitive domain - -- limited capacity - control mechanism - two-way flow Schema - - 1. Role 2. Event 3. Self Metacognition - -awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. Cognitivism - -- understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create - well defined problem - prior knowledge - new knowledge Constructivism (How students learn) - -- The learner and the social environment determine how learning occurs and what is learned - Complex problem - Exploration inquiry - Anchor learning in meaningful contexts, encouraging learner control of learning experience and experiencing content in different ways. Connectivism approach - -- the learner as the active builder of knowledge - does not construct knowledge, but instead recognizes and mentally constructs connections. - technology is a major part of learning What are the eight principles of connectivism? - -1. diversity of opinions 2. process of connecting 3. reside in non-human appliances 4. learning is more critical than knowing 5. connections are needed 6. connections is a core skill 7. accurate and up-to-date knowledge 8. decision-making is a learning process Key elements of mastery learning - -1. learning objectives 2. mastery threshold 3. demonstrate mastery 4. teacher to assess mastery 5. organize and display the data WGU D291 WGU D291 Andragogy - -- teaching adults - self-directed - intrinsic motivation - experience is a resource - seek relevant content - self concept establishment - seek recognition Pedagogy - -- teacher directed - extrinsic motivation - experience only for building upon - content defined by teacher - dependent on the teacher Levels Of Bloom's Taxonomy- Bottom to Top - -remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create Example of assignments following bloom's taxonomy - -- list - locate - demonstrate - differentiate - evaluate - create Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning steps - -Application, Integration, Human Dimension, Caring, Learning How to Learn, foundational knowledge Fink's Taxonomy - -- lasting impact of learning experiences on students. Parts of Significant Learning - -1. Self 2. Others 3. Theory and Ideas 4. The World Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction - -1. Gain attention. 2. Inform learners of objectives. 3. Stimulate recall of prior learning. 4. Present the stimulus material. 5. Provide "learning guidance." 6. Elicit performance or practice. 7. Provide feedback about performance correctness. 8. Assess performance. 9. Enhance retention and transfer. Merrill's First Principles of Instruction - -Activation, Demonstration, Application, Integration, Problem-Centered What is the goal of conducting a needs analysis in instructional design? - -To understand the knowledge and skills that learners need to develop to reach instructional goals. WGU D291 WGU D291 What is a characteristic of instructional design? - -It is a consultative process. What is a goal of instructional design? - -Solve problems related to the learner experience What is a characteristic of learning experience design? - -It helps users learn in a human centered and goal-oriented way. What is considered the last step of the learning experience design process? - -Evaluate and revise as needed. What are the steps of the learning experience design? - -Research (question) Design Build or develop Test Launch What defines human-centered design? - -The belief that the key to a problem's solution is a deep understanding of the individuals facing the problem What is the goal of the implementation phase of human-centered learning design? - -To provide an engaging experience that learners can relate to and that works for them. Which question would be appropriate in guiding a designer during the implementation phase of the human-centered learning design process? - -How I will measure the success of my solution? What is a key difference between the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) and the Understanding by Design (UbD) approach? - -SAM uses feedback and repe