NURS 5462 EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What is interprofessional collaborative practice? - ✔✔When multiple health workers
from different professional backgrounds work together with patients families, caregivers
and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.
✔✔Headaches may be classified into four types: - ✔✔muscle contraction (tension),
vascular 9migraine and cluster), mixed headaches (a combination of muscle contraction
and vascular) and traction or inflammatory.
✔✔Tension headaches - ✔✔are either primary (without underlying pathology) or
secondary (the result of pathology such as trauma, infection, arthritis or tumor).
✔✔Traction or inflammatory headaches - ✔✔Is described as the worst headache of the
patient's life, is most often due to intracranial hemorrhage, a medical emergency.
✔✔Tension headaches occur - ✔✔in 20% to 25% of all new cases and more than 50%
of all headaches seen in primary care.
✔✔Questions to ask concerning headaches - ✔✔onset, location, frequency, duration,
severity, character, presence of an aura, sleep patterns, emotional factors, precipitating
and alleviating factors and family history.
✔✔Migraines without aura - ✔✔At least 5 attacks that last 4-72 hours. Symptoms
include unilateral location, pulsating or throbbing, moderate to severe in intensity,
aggravated by activity and at least one of these associated features; nausea, vomiting,
photophobia and or phonophobia.
✔✔Migraine with aura - ✔✔At least two attacks with an associated aura that last from 4
minutes to 1 hour. The aura should have a gradual onset, should be fully reversible, and
can occur before, with or after headache onset.
✔✔Cluster headache - ✔✔unilateral orbital or temporal pain with lacrimation,
conjunctival injection, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial swelling, miosis, ptosis, and
eyelid edema.
✔✔Rebound headache - ✔✔(analgesic overuse headache) occurs in the setting of
chronic use of analgesics or narcotics.
✔✔Trigeminal neuralgia - ✔✔presents as episodic sharp stabbing pain that is unilateral.
Rule out MS or an alternative etiology with MRI.
, ✔✔Temporal arteritis - ✔✔presents as a dull unilateral headache with a thick tortuous
artery over temporal region. The Disease is almost exclusively limited to individuals over
60 years of age with jaw claudication, low-grade fever, and an elevated ESR and CRP.
✔✔First line treatment of migraines - ✔✔Aspirin, NSAIDS and oral prescription
medications (butalbital with aspirin or acetaminophen).
✔✔Triptans - ✔✔a class of drugs commonly used to treat migraines, they work by
causing dilated (enlarged) blood vessels to constrict (become smaller). Should not be
used in patients with CAD, CVD, uncontrolled HTN.
✔✔Dihydroergotamine - ✔✔potent venoconstrictor with minimal peripheral arterial
constriction. Cardiac precautions and a baseline ECG are indicated. Contraindicated
when there is a history of angina, myocardial infarction, or peripheral vascular disease.
Use alternative therapies in elderly patients.
✔✔Ergotamine - ✔✔Vasoconstrictive agent effective for aborting migraine headaches.
Contraindicated in patients with a history of angina, myocardial infarction, or peripheral
vascular disease.
✔✔Prophylactic medications for migraines - ✔✔should be considered if a patient has at
least three disabling migraines per month. Which includes propranolol, topiramate,
tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
✔✔Second line agents for prophylactic treatment of migraines - ✔✔verapamil, selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
✔✔Nonprescription therapies for migraine prophylaxis - ✔✔butterbur, riboflavin,
magnesium, and acupuncture.
✔✔Traumatic Brain Injury - ✔✔occurs with head injury because of contact and/or
acceleration/deceleration forces.
✔✔Concussion - ✔✔Trauma induced alteration in mental status with normal
radiographic studies that may or may not involve loss of consciousness.
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Trauma-induced lesion consisting of punctate hemorrhages and
surrounding edema.
✔✔Giant cell arteritis - ✔✔inflammation of the lining of your arteries. Most often, it
affects the arteries in your head, especially those in your temples. It presents with a
temporal headache, along with some visual symptoms such as amaurosis, diplopia, and
visual loss. Headache may also warn of an impending stroke.
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What is interprofessional collaborative practice? - ✔✔When multiple health workers
from different professional backgrounds work together with patients families, caregivers
and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.
✔✔Headaches may be classified into four types: - ✔✔muscle contraction (tension),
vascular 9migraine and cluster), mixed headaches (a combination of muscle contraction
and vascular) and traction or inflammatory.
✔✔Tension headaches - ✔✔are either primary (without underlying pathology) or
secondary (the result of pathology such as trauma, infection, arthritis or tumor).
✔✔Traction or inflammatory headaches - ✔✔Is described as the worst headache of the
patient's life, is most often due to intracranial hemorrhage, a medical emergency.
✔✔Tension headaches occur - ✔✔in 20% to 25% of all new cases and more than 50%
of all headaches seen in primary care.
✔✔Questions to ask concerning headaches - ✔✔onset, location, frequency, duration,
severity, character, presence of an aura, sleep patterns, emotional factors, precipitating
and alleviating factors and family history.
✔✔Migraines without aura - ✔✔At least 5 attacks that last 4-72 hours. Symptoms
include unilateral location, pulsating or throbbing, moderate to severe in intensity,
aggravated by activity and at least one of these associated features; nausea, vomiting,
photophobia and or phonophobia.
✔✔Migraine with aura - ✔✔At least two attacks with an associated aura that last from 4
minutes to 1 hour. The aura should have a gradual onset, should be fully reversible, and
can occur before, with or after headache onset.
✔✔Cluster headache - ✔✔unilateral orbital or temporal pain with lacrimation,
conjunctival injection, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial swelling, miosis, ptosis, and
eyelid edema.
✔✔Rebound headache - ✔✔(analgesic overuse headache) occurs in the setting of
chronic use of analgesics or narcotics.
✔✔Trigeminal neuralgia - ✔✔presents as episodic sharp stabbing pain that is unilateral.
Rule out MS or an alternative etiology with MRI.
, ✔✔Temporal arteritis - ✔✔presents as a dull unilateral headache with a thick tortuous
artery over temporal region. The Disease is almost exclusively limited to individuals over
60 years of age with jaw claudication, low-grade fever, and an elevated ESR and CRP.
✔✔First line treatment of migraines - ✔✔Aspirin, NSAIDS and oral prescription
medications (butalbital with aspirin or acetaminophen).
✔✔Triptans - ✔✔a class of drugs commonly used to treat migraines, they work by
causing dilated (enlarged) blood vessels to constrict (become smaller). Should not be
used in patients with CAD, CVD, uncontrolled HTN.
✔✔Dihydroergotamine - ✔✔potent venoconstrictor with minimal peripheral arterial
constriction. Cardiac precautions and a baseline ECG are indicated. Contraindicated
when there is a history of angina, myocardial infarction, or peripheral vascular disease.
Use alternative therapies in elderly patients.
✔✔Ergotamine - ✔✔Vasoconstrictive agent effective for aborting migraine headaches.
Contraindicated in patients with a history of angina, myocardial infarction, or peripheral
vascular disease.
✔✔Prophylactic medications for migraines - ✔✔should be considered if a patient has at
least three disabling migraines per month. Which includes propranolol, topiramate,
tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
✔✔Second line agents for prophylactic treatment of migraines - ✔✔verapamil, selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
✔✔Nonprescription therapies for migraine prophylaxis - ✔✔butterbur, riboflavin,
magnesium, and acupuncture.
✔✔Traumatic Brain Injury - ✔✔occurs with head injury because of contact and/or
acceleration/deceleration forces.
✔✔Concussion - ✔✔Trauma induced alteration in mental status with normal
radiographic studies that may or may not involve loss of consciousness.
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Trauma-induced lesion consisting of punctate hemorrhages and
surrounding edema.
✔✔Giant cell arteritis - ✔✔inflammation of the lining of your arteries. Most often, it
affects the arteries in your head, especially those in your temples. It presents with a
temporal headache, along with some visual symptoms such as amaurosis, diplopia, and
visual loss. Headache may also warn of an impending stroke.
