updated to pass
1. Pain And unpleasant sensory an emotional experience associated with actual or
poten- tial tissue damage; Always subjective, a sensation, always
unpleasant
-Peripheral vascular disease leads to neuropathic pain
-The joint commission made pain management a patient right it is the fifth
vital sign
-Pain management nursing otter certification exam
-Pain in the older adult is under treated especially with cognitive
impairments or people of color
-Cancer or non-cancer related, acute or persistent, nociceptive,
neuropathic, idiopathic, possible attective culture on expression of
pain stoic or verbal
-in adequately treated persistent physical pain almost always leads to
impaired functional and cognitive impairment
-Pain manifest like depression
2. Pain in the Pain in late life tends to be persistent, moderate to severe, present in
older adult about 50% of those over age 65 living in the community
- Most common causes of noncancer pain in older adults are
musculoskeletal such as arthritis and degenerative spinal condition;
Neuropathic such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, herpes
zoster, stroke
3. Consequences
of untreated Falls and other accidents
pain Functional impairment
,Gero Exam 3 questions and answers graded A+
updated to pass
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,Gero Exam 3 questions and answers graded A+
updated to pass
Sleep disturbance
Changes in nutritional status
Impaired cognition
Increased dependency and helplessness
Depression, anxiety, fear
Decline in social and recreational activities
Increased health care utilization and costs
4. Pain in Cognitive- Consistently untreated or under treated for pain, careful observation an
caregiv-
ly Impaired er reports need to be used in a person cannot reliably communicate pain
El- ders -those with dementia may have altered attective responses to pain,
probably due to their inability to cognitively process the painful
sensation in the context of prior pain experience, attitudes, knowledge,
and beliefs
-Pain cues and persons with communication diflculties
-Nonverbal expressions of pain: behavioral changes such as agitation
and ag- gression, changes in ADLs, vocalizations such as moan or
groan, physical changes such as increased vital signs pale or flushed
face (give pain medication before getting out of bed)
5. Pain assessment - A high-quality comprehensive instrument incorporates the mo
important as-
pects of assessment and includes person self report, and both
qualitative and quantitative measures of comfort
-Factors to consider when assessing pain
,Gero Exam 3 questions and answers graded A+
updated to pass
-Assessment pain protocols and videos available through Hartford
geriatric nurs- ing institute: the faces pain scale, numerical rating scale
1 to 10, verbal descriptor scale mild to severe, pain assessment in
advanced dementia scale, PACSLAC-2