BIOD351 / BIOD 351 Final Exam (Latest Update 2025
/ 2026) Pharmacology | Questions & Answers | Grade
A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning
basic purpose of stomach and small intestine - correct answer>>>>digest food and absorb nutrients of
the food
what gastric juices does the stomach release? - correct answer>>>>1. Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
2. pepsin - enzyme
HCL what releases it and what does it do? - correct answer>>>>parietal cells; aids in breakdown of food
pepsin, what is it? - correct answer>>>>primary digestive enzyme found in the stomach. it's responsible
for the catabolism (aka breaking down) of proteins into polypeptides
______ breaks down proteins into polypeptides. - correct answer>>>>pepsin
3 major stimulators that affect release gastric juices - correct answer>>>>1. Acetylcholine (ACh)
2. gastrin
3. histamine
pepsinogen that then becomes pepsin is released by what? - correct answer>>>>chief cells
parietal cells secret what? - correct answer>>>>hydrochloric acid
what is hydrochloric acid important for? - correct answer>>>>breaking down food
when food is ingested, what does your body release? - correct answer>>>>acetylcholine (ACl)
enterochromaffin-like cells (ELC) - correct answer>>>>secrete histamine
what cells secrete gastrin? - correct answer>>>>G cells.
what four cells does acetylcholine bind to? - correct answer>>>>1. chief cells
2. g cells
3. ELC cells
4. parietal cells
when food is ingested, what is released? - correct answer>>>>ACl
ACl attaches to what cells to release pepsin? - correct answer>>>>chief cells
what attaches to the g cells to release gastrin? - correct answer>>>>ACl
histamine is released when - correct answer>>>>ACl binds to ECL cells
, gastrin released from g cells works on ____ and ___ to release ___ and ___. - correct answer>>>>ECL
Cells and parietal cells ; histamine and HCl
peptic ulcers - correct answer>>>>open sores in the mucous membranes of mucosal lining of the
stomach or duodenum (upper part of small intestine)
peptic ulcers are caused by - correct answer>>>>1. Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) - most common
2. long term use of NSAIDs
H. Pylori is - correct answer>>>>a bacteria that enters body through contaminated food or water
inflammatory response including increase in stomach acid is caused by - correct answer>>>>H Pylori
NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers by - correct answer>>>>inhibiting/ blocking prostaglandins which inhibit
gastric acid secretion
gastric acid goes up and causes - correct answer>>>>peptic ulcers
peptic ulcers symptoms include - correct answer>>>>pain- dull, gnawing, burning sensation similar to
heartburn-- long lasting.
nausea
loss of appetite
GERD - correct answer>>>>Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease
presence of heartburn - correct answer>>>>GERD
Heartburn is - correct answer>>>>painful burning behind sternum
why does heartburn occur - correct answer>>>>when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus
GERD symptoms - correct answer>>>>- occasional heartburn
- ongoing problem occurring after meals upon lying down
- blood loss from chronic injury to esophagus -- severe case
patient needs what kind of treatment if H. Pylori is the cause of peptic ulcer - correct
answer>>>>antibiotics
example of bismuth salt - correct answer>>>>pepto bismol, kaopectate
what are the treatment regimens for peptic ulcers caused by H. Pylori - correct answer>>>>triple
therapy and quadruple therapy
triple therapy contain what - correct answer>>>>2 antibiotics + bismuth salt
antibiotics that fall under the triple therapy - correct answer>>>>- amoxicillin
- tetracycline
- metronidazole
/ 2026) Pharmacology | Questions & Answers | Grade
A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning
basic purpose of stomach and small intestine - correct answer>>>>digest food and absorb nutrients of
the food
what gastric juices does the stomach release? - correct answer>>>>1. Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
2. pepsin - enzyme
HCL what releases it and what does it do? - correct answer>>>>parietal cells; aids in breakdown of food
pepsin, what is it? - correct answer>>>>primary digestive enzyme found in the stomach. it's responsible
for the catabolism (aka breaking down) of proteins into polypeptides
______ breaks down proteins into polypeptides. - correct answer>>>>pepsin
3 major stimulators that affect release gastric juices - correct answer>>>>1. Acetylcholine (ACh)
2. gastrin
3. histamine
pepsinogen that then becomes pepsin is released by what? - correct answer>>>>chief cells
parietal cells secret what? - correct answer>>>>hydrochloric acid
what is hydrochloric acid important for? - correct answer>>>>breaking down food
when food is ingested, what does your body release? - correct answer>>>>acetylcholine (ACl)
enterochromaffin-like cells (ELC) - correct answer>>>>secrete histamine
what cells secrete gastrin? - correct answer>>>>G cells.
what four cells does acetylcholine bind to? - correct answer>>>>1. chief cells
2. g cells
3. ELC cells
4. parietal cells
when food is ingested, what is released? - correct answer>>>>ACl
ACl attaches to what cells to release pepsin? - correct answer>>>>chief cells
what attaches to the g cells to release gastrin? - correct answer>>>>ACl
histamine is released when - correct answer>>>>ACl binds to ECL cells
, gastrin released from g cells works on ____ and ___ to release ___ and ___. - correct answer>>>>ECL
Cells and parietal cells ; histamine and HCl
peptic ulcers - correct answer>>>>open sores in the mucous membranes of mucosal lining of the
stomach or duodenum (upper part of small intestine)
peptic ulcers are caused by - correct answer>>>>1. Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) - most common
2. long term use of NSAIDs
H. Pylori is - correct answer>>>>a bacteria that enters body through contaminated food or water
inflammatory response including increase in stomach acid is caused by - correct answer>>>>H Pylori
NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers by - correct answer>>>>inhibiting/ blocking prostaglandins which inhibit
gastric acid secretion
gastric acid goes up and causes - correct answer>>>>peptic ulcers
peptic ulcers symptoms include - correct answer>>>>pain- dull, gnawing, burning sensation similar to
heartburn-- long lasting.
nausea
loss of appetite
GERD - correct answer>>>>Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease
presence of heartburn - correct answer>>>>GERD
Heartburn is - correct answer>>>>painful burning behind sternum
why does heartburn occur - correct answer>>>>when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus
GERD symptoms - correct answer>>>>- occasional heartburn
- ongoing problem occurring after meals upon lying down
- blood loss from chronic injury to esophagus -- severe case
patient needs what kind of treatment if H. Pylori is the cause of peptic ulcer - correct
answer>>>>antibiotics
example of bismuth salt - correct answer>>>>pepto bismol, kaopectate
what are the treatment regimens for peptic ulcers caused by H. Pylori - correct answer>>>>triple
therapy and quadruple therapy
triple therapy contain what - correct answer>>>>2 antibiotics + bismuth salt
antibiotics that fall under the triple therapy - correct answer>>>>- amoxicillin
- tetracycline
- metronidazole
