NU664B
NU664B Exam 2 Detailed Study Guide &
differential 2025 Graded A+
geriatric neurological conditions
alzheimer's disease
memory loss
cognitive decline
behavioral changes
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Symptoms
chest pain
SOB
nausea
diaphoresis
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
urgency
immediate intervention to restore blood flow and prevent heart damage
Unstageable Angina
symptoms
chest pain that is new, worsening, or occurs at rest
unstageable angina
urgency
risk of progression to myocardial infarction
requires urgent evaluation
aortic dissection
symptoms
sudden severe chest or back pain often described as tearing or ripping
NU664B
,NU664B
aortic dissection
urgency
life-threatening condition
requires immediate surgical intervention
pulmonary embolism
symptoms
sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, & tachycardia
pulmonary embolism
urgency
potentially fatal
requires rapid anticoagulation & supportive care
Congestive Heart failure (CHF) exacerbation
symptoms
acute dyspnea, orthopnea, edema, weight gain
CHF exacerbation
urgency
requires prompt management to prevent respiratory failure & other complications
hypertensive crisis
symptoms
severe headache
visual changes
chest pain
confusion
seizures
hypertensive crisis
urgency
can lead to end-organ damage
needs immediate BP control
NU664B
,NU664B
cardiac tamponade
symptoms
BECK'S TRIAD
hypotension
jugular venous distention (JVD)
muffled heart sounds
cardiac tamponade
urgency
life-threatening
requires emergency pericardiocentesis
arrhythmia (such as Vtach, afib w/rapid ventricular response)
symptoms
palpitations
syncope
chest pain
dizziness
arrhythmia (such as Vtack, afib w/rapid ventricular response)
urgency
can lead to sudden cardiac arrest
requires immediate rhythm control or cardio version
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
symptoms
chest pain or discomfort
shortness of breath
diaphoresis
nausea
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
urgency
includes unstable angina and myocardial infarction
needs urgent evaluation and treatment
NU664B
, NU664B
infective endocarditis
symptoms
fever, heart murmur, petechiae, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes
Janeway lesions
on palms & soles
small, painless hemorrhages with a macular or slightly nodular character
Osler nodes
red-purple, slightly raised, tender lumps, often with a pale centre.
infective endocarditis
urgency
can lead to valve destruction, heart failure, and embolic events
requires immediate antibiotic therapy and possibly surgical intervention
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA)
symptoms
sudden onset of weakness, facial droop, speech difficulties, vision changes, severe
headache
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA)
urgency
requires immediate medical attention to restore blood flow to minimize brain
damage
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
symptoms
temporary stroke-like symptoms, such as weakness, vision changes, difficulty
speaking
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
urgency
often a precursor to a full stroke
requires urgent evaluation and prevention strategies
NU664B
NU664B Exam 2 Detailed Study Guide &
differential 2025 Graded A+
geriatric neurological conditions
alzheimer's disease
memory loss
cognitive decline
behavioral changes
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Symptoms
chest pain
SOB
nausea
diaphoresis
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
urgency
immediate intervention to restore blood flow and prevent heart damage
Unstageable Angina
symptoms
chest pain that is new, worsening, or occurs at rest
unstageable angina
urgency
risk of progression to myocardial infarction
requires urgent evaluation
aortic dissection
symptoms
sudden severe chest or back pain often described as tearing or ripping
NU664B
,NU664B
aortic dissection
urgency
life-threatening condition
requires immediate surgical intervention
pulmonary embolism
symptoms
sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, & tachycardia
pulmonary embolism
urgency
potentially fatal
requires rapid anticoagulation & supportive care
Congestive Heart failure (CHF) exacerbation
symptoms
acute dyspnea, orthopnea, edema, weight gain
CHF exacerbation
urgency
requires prompt management to prevent respiratory failure & other complications
hypertensive crisis
symptoms
severe headache
visual changes
chest pain
confusion
seizures
hypertensive crisis
urgency
can lead to end-organ damage
needs immediate BP control
NU664B
,NU664B
cardiac tamponade
symptoms
BECK'S TRIAD
hypotension
jugular venous distention (JVD)
muffled heart sounds
cardiac tamponade
urgency
life-threatening
requires emergency pericardiocentesis
arrhythmia (such as Vtach, afib w/rapid ventricular response)
symptoms
palpitations
syncope
chest pain
dizziness
arrhythmia (such as Vtack, afib w/rapid ventricular response)
urgency
can lead to sudden cardiac arrest
requires immediate rhythm control or cardio version
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
symptoms
chest pain or discomfort
shortness of breath
diaphoresis
nausea
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
urgency
includes unstable angina and myocardial infarction
needs urgent evaluation and treatment
NU664B
, NU664B
infective endocarditis
symptoms
fever, heart murmur, petechiae, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes
Janeway lesions
on palms & soles
small, painless hemorrhages with a macular or slightly nodular character
Osler nodes
red-purple, slightly raised, tender lumps, often with a pale centre.
infective endocarditis
urgency
can lead to valve destruction, heart failure, and embolic events
requires immediate antibiotic therapy and possibly surgical intervention
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA)
symptoms
sudden onset of weakness, facial droop, speech difficulties, vision changes, severe
headache
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA)
urgency
requires immediate medical attention to restore blood flow to minimize brain
damage
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
symptoms
temporary stroke-like symptoms, such as weakness, vision changes, difficulty
speaking
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
urgency
often a precursor to a full stroke
requires urgent evaluation and prevention strategies
NU664B
