BIOLOGY 211 EXAM 1 || ERRORLESS ANSWERS 100%.
What are the five fundamental traits of life? With these traits in mind, are viruses alive? What
evidence supports your conclusion? correct answers 1. Cells
2. Reproduction
3. Energy Use
4. Genetic Material
5. Evolution
No viruses lack cells and can't use energy
How do hypotheses and theories differ? What do scientists mean by "theory" and does this mean
the same thing as "in theory" that non-scientists may say in conversation? Explain. correct
answers Hypothesis are unproven.
Theories are heavily proven explanations of phenomena.
Write the cell theory in your own words. Did the cell theory challenge or support the concept of
spontaneous generation? Explain. correct answers 1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells come from preexisting cells
Outline Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment. What was the one variable that differed between
the test and experimental groups? Why is it important to test one variable at a time? correct
answers Neck shape was the experimented variable. Important to take one variable at a time to
ensure that it is the one influencing the results.
What were the 2 claims made by Wallace and Darwin as they described the process of evolution?
correct answers 1. Descent with modification (populations can evolve and adapt from generation
to generation)
2. All living organisms are related to LUCA (last universal common ancestor)
, What are the two conditions required for natural selection to occur? Would a trait that increases
the lifespan of each individual in the population but decreases overall fertility lead to greater or
lesser fitness of the affected individuals? correct answers 1. Heritable traits must vary from
generation to generation
2. Certain traits must give an advantage in the environment
Trait must be able to produce viable offspring so the answer to this is no
What is the smallest unit that can evolve? Do individuals evolve? correct answers Population.
No.
If you continuously bred large-pod peas to other large-pod peas, would you expect the average
pod size to get smaller or larger? Why? What is this process called? correct answers Larger. This
is called artificial selection.
Distinguish between fitness and adaptation? What organism are the most evolutionarily fit?
correct answers Fitness- Ability to produce viable offspring
Adaptation- Advantageous trait in environment
Diagram the central dogma of genetics. Label the 3 steps in order, from DNA to protein. correct
answers DNA->RNA->Protein
Why did Carl Woese and his colleagues compare ribosomal RNA to build their phylogenetic
trees?? Could they have used the gene for a protein like keratin or pilin? Why or why not?
correct answers All organisms have ribosomal RNA and it was easier to analyze at the time than
DNA. No, because keratin and pilin are only abundant in some organisms.
Given the following 3 RNA sequences, draw a phylogenetic tree that accurately represents the
relationship between the 3 species. correct answers (Most differences in sequence=most
unrelated=later common ancestor)
What are the five fundamental traits of life? With these traits in mind, are viruses alive? What
evidence supports your conclusion? correct answers 1. Cells
2. Reproduction
3. Energy Use
4. Genetic Material
5. Evolution
No viruses lack cells and can't use energy
How do hypotheses and theories differ? What do scientists mean by "theory" and does this mean
the same thing as "in theory" that non-scientists may say in conversation? Explain. correct
answers Hypothesis are unproven.
Theories are heavily proven explanations of phenomena.
Write the cell theory in your own words. Did the cell theory challenge or support the concept of
spontaneous generation? Explain. correct answers 1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells come from preexisting cells
Outline Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment. What was the one variable that differed between
the test and experimental groups? Why is it important to test one variable at a time? correct
answers Neck shape was the experimented variable. Important to take one variable at a time to
ensure that it is the one influencing the results.
What were the 2 claims made by Wallace and Darwin as they described the process of evolution?
correct answers 1. Descent with modification (populations can evolve and adapt from generation
to generation)
2. All living organisms are related to LUCA (last universal common ancestor)
, What are the two conditions required for natural selection to occur? Would a trait that increases
the lifespan of each individual in the population but decreases overall fertility lead to greater or
lesser fitness of the affected individuals? correct answers 1. Heritable traits must vary from
generation to generation
2. Certain traits must give an advantage in the environment
Trait must be able to produce viable offspring so the answer to this is no
What is the smallest unit that can evolve? Do individuals evolve? correct answers Population.
No.
If you continuously bred large-pod peas to other large-pod peas, would you expect the average
pod size to get smaller or larger? Why? What is this process called? correct answers Larger. This
is called artificial selection.
Distinguish between fitness and adaptation? What organism are the most evolutionarily fit?
correct answers Fitness- Ability to produce viable offspring
Adaptation- Advantageous trait in environment
Diagram the central dogma of genetics. Label the 3 steps in order, from DNA to protein. correct
answers DNA->RNA->Protein
Why did Carl Woese and his colleagues compare ribosomal RNA to build their phylogenetic
trees?? Could they have used the gene for a protein like keratin or pilin? Why or why not?
correct answers All organisms have ribosomal RNA and it was easier to analyze at the time than
DNA. No, because keratin and pilin are only abundant in some organisms.
Given the following 3 RNA sequences, draw a phylogenetic tree that accurately represents the
relationship between the 3 species. correct answers (Most differences in sequence=most
unrelated=later common ancestor)
