GERO Exam 3 questions with
complete solutions already passed
What does nutrition look like in an older adult? - correct answer ✔✔- key element is to
preserve the health of older adults
- quality & quantity of a diet will help prevent and manage chronic disease (congestive heart
failure --> Sodium, osteoporosis --> Calcium)
- nutritional need is often affected by MANY factors
- they generally need fewer calories
- they still require the same or higher levels of nutrients
- we want to limit intake of saturated fat & trans fats (same for anyone at any age)
- usually fiber is lacking (expensive and hard to chew)
- vitamin intake is good (^VitaminB12)
What is a DASH Diet? - correct answer ✔✔= Dietary Approaches to Stop HYPERTENSION
- fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, restrict sat intake
What is the MIND diet? - correct answer ✔✔= Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for
Neurodegenerative Delay
a) include vegetables, berries, whole grains, fish, olive oil, nuts, beans, and wine per/day
b) LIMIT red meat, butter, cheese, sweets, & fast food
What are some other dietary recomendations? - correct answer ✔✔a) Fats: (similar to other
age groups) less than 10% of calories/day from fat
b) Protein: Studies show an increase in protein may be beneficial in those with chronic disease
c) Fiber: Daily intake of 25 g
,d) Vitamins and Minerals: Calcium and Vit D to prevent bone loss and maintain bone density; B
12- should increase crystalline form, those taking PPI are at increased risk if taken longer than 2
years (for someone that is really tiny, osteoporosis is a concern)
- You need Vitamin D WITH Calcium otherwise the Ca will not do anything.
How is obesity related to older adults?
(over nutrition) - correct answer ✔✔- common for them to be seen as underweight and frail,
however the concern for obesity is increasing
- it is associated with ^ health care costs, functional impairments, disability, chronic disease, &
nursing home admission
- when loss recommendations MUST BE individualized
How is malnutrition related to older adults?
(undernutrition) - correct answer ✔✔- recognized geriatric syndrome
- rising incidence in all settings
- Ex of factors. transportation
- COMPLICATIONS: infections, pressure ulcers, anemia, hypotension, impaired cognition, hip
fractures, prolonged hospital stays, institutionalization, and increased morbidity and mortality
What are some characteristics of malnutrition? - correct answer ✔✔- 2 primary trajectories
1. when the person does not consume sufficient micronutrients and macronutrients to maintain
organ function and healthy tissue
2. inflammation-related malnutrition develops as a consequence of injury, surgery, or disease
that triggers inflammatory mediators that increase metabolic rate and impair nutrient use.
What are LTC WT loss thresholds? - correct answer ✔✔- Loss of more then 5% on 1 month
- Loss of more than 7.5% in 3 months
- Loss of more than 10% in 6 months
, BMI less than 23 is underweight (a higher threshold than in young adults)
What are some factors that affect fulfillment of nutritional needs? - correct answer ✔✔a)
Lifelong eating habits
b) Socialization
c) Socioeconomic deprivation
d) Transportation
a) Life-long eating habits - correct answer ✔✔- are developed out of tradition, ethnicity, and
religion.
- reflects the persons dietary history and present food practices
- older adults may fall prey to advertisements that claim specific foods can reverse aging or rid
them of chronic conditions.
essential nutrients should be obtained from food sources rather than supplements
b) Socialization - correct answer ✔✔- older adults may be isolated from social events during
which food is provided.
- effects of medications or a disease process may cause a disinterest in food.
- excessive drinking decreases eating habits.
*** one of the best tricks is to have someone swallow TWICE, also alternate solid and liquid
boluses!!!!
c) Socioeconomic deprivation - correct answer ✔✔- food insecure
- food banks
- older adult special meal prices
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), also Meals on Wheels
complete solutions already passed
What does nutrition look like in an older adult? - correct answer ✔✔- key element is to
preserve the health of older adults
- quality & quantity of a diet will help prevent and manage chronic disease (congestive heart
failure --> Sodium, osteoporosis --> Calcium)
- nutritional need is often affected by MANY factors
- they generally need fewer calories
- they still require the same or higher levels of nutrients
- we want to limit intake of saturated fat & trans fats (same for anyone at any age)
- usually fiber is lacking (expensive and hard to chew)
- vitamin intake is good (^VitaminB12)
What is a DASH Diet? - correct answer ✔✔= Dietary Approaches to Stop HYPERTENSION
- fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, restrict sat intake
What is the MIND diet? - correct answer ✔✔= Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for
Neurodegenerative Delay
a) include vegetables, berries, whole grains, fish, olive oil, nuts, beans, and wine per/day
b) LIMIT red meat, butter, cheese, sweets, & fast food
What are some other dietary recomendations? - correct answer ✔✔a) Fats: (similar to other
age groups) less than 10% of calories/day from fat
b) Protein: Studies show an increase in protein may be beneficial in those with chronic disease
c) Fiber: Daily intake of 25 g
,d) Vitamins and Minerals: Calcium and Vit D to prevent bone loss and maintain bone density; B
12- should increase crystalline form, those taking PPI are at increased risk if taken longer than 2
years (for someone that is really tiny, osteoporosis is a concern)
- You need Vitamin D WITH Calcium otherwise the Ca will not do anything.
How is obesity related to older adults?
(over nutrition) - correct answer ✔✔- common for them to be seen as underweight and frail,
however the concern for obesity is increasing
- it is associated with ^ health care costs, functional impairments, disability, chronic disease, &
nursing home admission
- when loss recommendations MUST BE individualized
How is malnutrition related to older adults?
(undernutrition) - correct answer ✔✔- recognized geriatric syndrome
- rising incidence in all settings
- Ex of factors. transportation
- COMPLICATIONS: infections, pressure ulcers, anemia, hypotension, impaired cognition, hip
fractures, prolonged hospital stays, institutionalization, and increased morbidity and mortality
What are some characteristics of malnutrition? - correct answer ✔✔- 2 primary trajectories
1. when the person does not consume sufficient micronutrients and macronutrients to maintain
organ function and healthy tissue
2. inflammation-related malnutrition develops as a consequence of injury, surgery, or disease
that triggers inflammatory mediators that increase metabolic rate and impair nutrient use.
What are LTC WT loss thresholds? - correct answer ✔✔- Loss of more then 5% on 1 month
- Loss of more than 7.5% in 3 months
- Loss of more than 10% in 6 months
, BMI less than 23 is underweight (a higher threshold than in young adults)
What are some factors that affect fulfillment of nutritional needs? - correct answer ✔✔a)
Lifelong eating habits
b) Socialization
c) Socioeconomic deprivation
d) Transportation
a) Life-long eating habits - correct answer ✔✔- are developed out of tradition, ethnicity, and
religion.
- reflects the persons dietary history and present food practices
- older adults may fall prey to advertisements that claim specific foods can reverse aging or rid
them of chronic conditions.
essential nutrients should be obtained from food sources rather than supplements
b) Socialization - correct answer ✔✔- older adults may be isolated from social events during
which food is provided.
- effects of medications or a disease process may cause a disinterest in food.
- excessive drinking decreases eating habits.
*** one of the best tricks is to have someone swallow TWICE, also alternate solid and liquid
boluses!!!!
c) Socioeconomic deprivation - correct answer ✔✔- food insecure
- food banks
- older adult special meal prices
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), also Meals on Wheels
