Nephrotic Syndrome Exam IV
Questions And Answers Already
Graded A+!
What is Nephrotic Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWERS A clinical state that includes:
Massive proteinuria,
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Edema
Can occur as a primary disease:
- Idiopathic nephrosis
- childhood nephrosis
- minimal change nephrotic syndrome
The alteration in kidney function is related to increased glomerulus permeability to
protein
Can also be the result of glomerular damage and a congenital form inherited as an
autosomal recessive disorder
Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome CORRECT ANSWERS Glomerular membrane
normally impermeable to albumin and other proteins becomes permeable to these
Albumin leaks through the membranes and is lost in urine (hyperalbuminuria)
This reduces the serum albumin level (hypoalbuminemia) decreasing the colloidal
osmotic pressure in the capillaries
As a result the vascular hydrostatic pressure exceeds the pull of the colloidal osmotic
pressure causing fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces (edema) and body cavities
esp in the abdomen (ascites)
The shift of fluid from plasma to interstitial spaces reduces vascular volume and causes
hypovolemia
This shift activates the renin angiotensin system and secretion of ADH and aldosterone
Reabsorption of Na and H2O results in attempt to increase intravascular volume
The elevation of lipids isn't fully understood
, What can cause the basement membrane of the glomeruli to become increasingly
permeable to protein? CORRECT ANSWERS Altered immunity
Hereditary factors (ARD) - autosomal recessive disorder
Primary: kidney disorder: MCNS (minimal change nephrotic syndrome)
Secondary: other disease process
- Sickle cell disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hepatitis
- Lupus
Etiology of Glomerulonephritis? CORRECT ANSWERS Unknown
More common in children ages 2-7
Patients are twice as likely to be male
Immune system plays a role
Initial and relapse episodes of MCNS often happen in conjunction with a viral or
bacterial infection
Relapses in children with MCNS may continue over many years
Can also be triggered by allergies and immunizations
How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed? CORRECT ANSWERS KNOW Suspected
based on manifestations:
Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia(in the absence of
hematuria & hypertension) in children between the ages of 2-8
Urinalysis: protein
Serum albumin
Chemistry
SG (specific gravity): increased
Renal ultrasound to detect structural deficits
Needle biopsy to distinguish type
Weight gain in previously well child increases slowly over days or weeks
Questions And Answers Already
Graded A+!
What is Nephrotic Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWERS A clinical state that includes:
Massive proteinuria,
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Edema
Can occur as a primary disease:
- Idiopathic nephrosis
- childhood nephrosis
- minimal change nephrotic syndrome
The alteration in kidney function is related to increased glomerulus permeability to
protein
Can also be the result of glomerular damage and a congenital form inherited as an
autosomal recessive disorder
Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome CORRECT ANSWERS Glomerular membrane
normally impermeable to albumin and other proteins becomes permeable to these
Albumin leaks through the membranes and is lost in urine (hyperalbuminuria)
This reduces the serum albumin level (hypoalbuminemia) decreasing the colloidal
osmotic pressure in the capillaries
As a result the vascular hydrostatic pressure exceeds the pull of the colloidal osmotic
pressure causing fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces (edema) and body cavities
esp in the abdomen (ascites)
The shift of fluid from plasma to interstitial spaces reduces vascular volume and causes
hypovolemia
This shift activates the renin angiotensin system and secretion of ADH and aldosterone
Reabsorption of Na and H2O results in attempt to increase intravascular volume
The elevation of lipids isn't fully understood
, What can cause the basement membrane of the glomeruli to become increasingly
permeable to protein? CORRECT ANSWERS Altered immunity
Hereditary factors (ARD) - autosomal recessive disorder
Primary: kidney disorder: MCNS (minimal change nephrotic syndrome)
Secondary: other disease process
- Sickle cell disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hepatitis
- Lupus
Etiology of Glomerulonephritis? CORRECT ANSWERS Unknown
More common in children ages 2-7
Patients are twice as likely to be male
Immune system plays a role
Initial and relapse episodes of MCNS often happen in conjunction with a viral or
bacterial infection
Relapses in children with MCNS may continue over many years
Can also be triggered by allergies and immunizations
How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed? CORRECT ANSWERS KNOW Suspected
based on manifestations:
Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia(in the absence of
hematuria & hypertension) in children between the ages of 2-8
Urinalysis: protein
Serum albumin
Chemistry
SG (specific gravity): increased
Renal ultrasound to detect structural deficits
Needle biopsy to distinguish type
Weight gain in previously well child increases slowly over days or weeks
