Renal Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+

Renal Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+ What are the two major categories of glomerulopathies? - Answers nephritic syndromes or nephrotic syndromes What is the proteinuria in Nephritic syndrome? - Answers 3.5 g/day What is the proteinuria in Nephrotic syndrome? - Answers 3.5 g/day What are the signs/symptoms of Nephritic syndrome? - Answers Decreased GFR, Hematuria, HTN, periorbital edema, azotemia (increased creatinine and BUN) What are the sign/symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome? - Answers hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, generalized edema, little or no of the following : azotemia, HTN, hematuria What is water osmosis proportional to within cells? - Answers the number of particles on one side, not the type of particle What causes generalized edema in Nephrotic syndrome? - Answers Decreased oncotic suction due to fewer solute particles in plasma water, hence water exits capillary walls to decrease concentration of plasma protein outside of capillary walls What can Glomerulopathies be divided into? - Answers Primary and Secondary glomerulopathies What is the difference between primary and secondary glomerulopathies? - Answers Primary are unrelated to other diseases while secondary are part of a pre-existing systemic disease What are nephritic and nephrotic considered primary or secondary glomerulopathies? - Answers primary What are Three examples of nephritic glomerulopathies? - Answers Post-infectious glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease), and Goodpasture syndrome What is an example of nephrotic glomerulopathies? - Answers Minimal change disease What are examples of primary diseases that can cause secondary glomerulopathies? - Answers Diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid and amyloidosis What are symptoms and signs of Acute renal failure (ARF)? - Answers Oliguria, anuria, hematuria, proteinuria, high plasma creatinine, increased BUN What can an increased BUN also be indicative of? - Answers GI bleed, steroid use, increased dietary intake of protein How long before ARF can become symptomatic? - Answers one week Symptoms of Uremia (symptomatic ARF)? - Answers Itchy, yellow skin due to urea, peripheral neuropathy (stocking/glove paresthesia), pericarditis, anemia, acidemia When does post-infectious glomerulonephritis most often occur? - Answers 1-4 weeks after a Group A Beta hemolytic strep infection, endocarditis, viral or fungal infx, or staph aureus bacteremia or parasite has resolved What are examples of B-hemolytic strep? - Answers impetigo, strep pharyngitis, strep pyogenes What is the pathology of post-infectious glomerulonephritis? - Answers IgG immune complexes formed during infection attach to the glomerular basement membrane Signs and symptoms of Post-infectious glomerulonephritis? - Answers Oliguria and foamy urine, mild edema, hematuria (cola, tea or rust colored urine) Where does the blood come from when the pt complains of bright red blood in urine? - Answers lower urinary tract What are the lab results for Post-infectious glomerulonephritis? - Answers dysmorphic RBCS, RBC casts, high ASO titer What is the treatment for Post-infectious glomerulonephritis? - Answers Anti-HTN meds, diuretics, dialysis if needed What is the most common form of acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) What occurs 1-2 days prior to the onset of IgA nephropathy? - Answers URI, flu-like symptoms, and gastroenteritis Who is most affected in IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)? - Answers children and young adults (usually boys) What is the pathology of IgA nephropathy? - Answers IgA immune complexes deposition in the glomerular mesangium What are the signs and symptoms of IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)? - Answers Gross hematuria (because it occurs during infection it is called synpharyngitic hematuria) What is seen in the labs of a person with IgA nephropathy? - Answers RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCS, Increased serum IgA What is the tx for IgA nephropathy? - Answers steroids, omega-3 fish oil What is the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)? - Answers 1/3 patients remit, 50% progress to renal insufficiency and some will need renal transplant What is a variant of IgA nephropathy? - Answers Henoch Schonlein purpura What is Henoch Schonlein purpura? - Answers vasculitis How is Henoch Schonlein purpura identified? - Answers fever, palapable purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgias