CHE 4342 - Unit 3 Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
Cn(H2O)n - Answers what is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones - Answers what would be a better definition for carbohydrates
than hydrates?
ald - Answers portion of carbohydrate name that indicates that it has an aldehyde group
ket - Answers portion of carbohydrate name that indicates that it has a ketone group
monosaccharides - Answers the building blocks of carbohydrates
3 - Answers what is the minimum carbon number in carbohydrates?
disaccharides - Answers 2 monosaccharides
oligosaccharides - Answers 3-10 monosaccharides
polysaccharides - Answers more than 10 monosaccharides
carbonyl - Answers in namine carbohydrates, give the ___ carbon the lowest number
ose - Answers carbohydrate names end with ____
1 - Answers in aldoses, the carbonyl carbon is carbon ____
2 - Answers in ketoses, the carbonyl carbon is carbon ____
dihydroxyacetone - Answers all carbohydrates except ___ are chiral
2^n - Answers the number of stereoisomers can be found as ___
D and L - Answers enantiomers are distinguished by the ___ notation
aldoses - Answers will aldoses or ketones have more isomers?
only the one that is most distant from the carbonyl carbon - Answers in sugars that contain
many chiral centers, which one is designated as D or L?
D - Answers the ___ form of carbohydrates is favored in nature
diastereomers - Answers stereoisomers that are not mirror images
physical - Answers diastereomers have different ____ properties
erytro - Answers enantiomer with the hydrogens on the same side of the carbon chain
threo - Answers enantiomer with hydrogens on opposite sides of the carbon chain
,epimers - Answers diastereomers that differ at only one chiral center
no - Answers are epimers mirror images?
no - Answers are epimers enantiomers?
C2 - Answers D-arabinose is a ___ epimer of ribose
C3 - Answers D-xylose is a ___ epimer of ribose
C2 - Answers D-mannose is a ___ epimer of glucose
C4 - Answers D-galactose is a ____ epimer of glucose
ul - Answers what is used to indicate the keto form of an aldose
ribose - Answers D-ribulose is the keto form of ____
xylose - Answers D-xylulose is the keto form of ___
glucose - Answers D-fructose is the keto form of ____
ribose - Answers the standard 5 carbon sugar
glucose - Answers the standard 6 carbon sugar
glucose - Answers galactose and mannose are epimers of ____
fructose - Answers the ketone form of glucose
electrophilic - Answers aldehyde and ketone carbons are ___
nucleophilic - Answers alcohol oxygen atom is ____
hemiacetals - Answers when aldehydes are attacked by alcohols, ____ form
hemiketals - Answers when ketones are attacked by alcohols, ____ form
acetal - Answers reaction between a hemiacetal and an alcohol results in an ____
ketal - Answers reaction between a hemiketal and an alcohol results in a ___
polymerization - Answers reactions between hemiacetals and alcohols or hemiketals and
alcohols form the basis for ____
water molecule - Answers ___ is eliminated in polymerization
mutarotation - Answers The rapid interconversion between different anomers of a sugar
equilibrium - Answers sugars will be in ___ between their linear and cyclic forms
, pentoses and hexoses - Answers ___ and ___ readily undergo intramolecular cyclization
anomeric carbon - Answers in cyclization, the former carbonyl carbon becomes a new chiral
center, called the ____
alpha or beta - Answers when the former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group, the
position of this group determines if the anomer is ___ or ___
alpha - Answers If the hydroxyl group is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring as the CH2OH
moiety, the configuration is ___
beta - Answers if the hydroxyl group is on the same side (cis) of the ring as the CH2OH moiety,
the configuration is ____
pyranoses - Answers six-membered oxygen containing rings are called ____
furanoses - Answers five-membered oxygen containing rings are called ___
right - Answers the anomeric carbon is usually drawn on the ___ side for monosaccharides
D - Answers configuration if the primary alcohol is pointing up in the ring
L - Answers configuration if the primary alcohol is pointing down in the ring
bottom - Answers anything on the right side of a linear structure appears on the ___ of the cyclic
structure
ring - Answers in aqueous solution the cyclic form is at equilibrium with the linear form, with
equilibrium favoring the ___ structure
anomeric carbon - Answers the only carbon in the cyclic structure that has two covalent bonds
to oxygen
chair - Answers pyranose rings favor ___ conformations
D because all OH groups are equatorial - Answers is D or L more abundant?
glucose - Answers the only aldohexose that can put all bulky groups in equatorial positions
reducing sugar - Answers a sugar that acts as a reducing agent (reduces a substrate at the
expense of becoming oxidized)
aldehyde - Answers for a sugar to function as a reducing agent, there must be an available ____
aldonic acid - Answers once an aldose participates in a redox reaction, the carbohydrate product
is an ____
yes - Answers are all monosaccharides reducing sugars?
Cn(H2O)n - Answers what is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones - Answers what would be a better definition for carbohydrates
than hydrates?
ald - Answers portion of carbohydrate name that indicates that it has an aldehyde group
ket - Answers portion of carbohydrate name that indicates that it has a ketone group
monosaccharides - Answers the building blocks of carbohydrates
3 - Answers what is the minimum carbon number in carbohydrates?
disaccharides - Answers 2 monosaccharides
oligosaccharides - Answers 3-10 monosaccharides
polysaccharides - Answers more than 10 monosaccharides
carbonyl - Answers in namine carbohydrates, give the ___ carbon the lowest number
ose - Answers carbohydrate names end with ____
1 - Answers in aldoses, the carbonyl carbon is carbon ____
2 - Answers in ketoses, the carbonyl carbon is carbon ____
dihydroxyacetone - Answers all carbohydrates except ___ are chiral
2^n - Answers the number of stereoisomers can be found as ___
D and L - Answers enantiomers are distinguished by the ___ notation
aldoses - Answers will aldoses or ketones have more isomers?
only the one that is most distant from the carbonyl carbon - Answers in sugars that contain
many chiral centers, which one is designated as D or L?
D - Answers the ___ form of carbohydrates is favored in nature
diastereomers - Answers stereoisomers that are not mirror images
physical - Answers diastereomers have different ____ properties
erytro - Answers enantiomer with the hydrogens on the same side of the carbon chain
threo - Answers enantiomer with hydrogens on opposite sides of the carbon chain
,epimers - Answers diastereomers that differ at only one chiral center
no - Answers are epimers mirror images?
no - Answers are epimers enantiomers?
C2 - Answers D-arabinose is a ___ epimer of ribose
C3 - Answers D-xylose is a ___ epimer of ribose
C2 - Answers D-mannose is a ___ epimer of glucose
C4 - Answers D-galactose is a ____ epimer of glucose
ul - Answers what is used to indicate the keto form of an aldose
ribose - Answers D-ribulose is the keto form of ____
xylose - Answers D-xylulose is the keto form of ___
glucose - Answers D-fructose is the keto form of ____
ribose - Answers the standard 5 carbon sugar
glucose - Answers the standard 6 carbon sugar
glucose - Answers galactose and mannose are epimers of ____
fructose - Answers the ketone form of glucose
electrophilic - Answers aldehyde and ketone carbons are ___
nucleophilic - Answers alcohol oxygen atom is ____
hemiacetals - Answers when aldehydes are attacked by alcohols, ____ form
hemiketals - Answers when ketones are attacked by alcohols, ____ form
acetal - Answers reaction between a hemiacetal and an alcohol results in an ____
ketal - Answers reaction between a hemiketal and an alcohol results in a ___
polymerization - Answers reactions between hemiacetals and alcohols or hemiketals and
alcohols form the basis for ____
water molecule - Answers ___ is eliminated in polymerization
mutarotation - Answers The rapid interconversion between different anomers of a sugar
equilibrium - Answers sugars will be in ___ between their linear and cyclic forms
, pentoses and hexoses - Answers ___ and ___ readily undergo intramolecular cyclization
anomeric carbon - Answers in cyclization, the former carbonyl carbon becomes a new chiral
center, called the ____
alpha or beta - Answers when the former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group, the
position of this group determines if the anomer is ___ or ___
alpha - Answers If the hydroxyl group is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring as the CH2OH
moiety, the configuration is ___
beta - Answers if the hydroxyl group is on the same side (cis) of the ring as the CH2OH moiety,
the configuration is ____
pyranoses - Answers six-membered oxygen containing rings are called ____
furanoses - Answers five-membered oxygen containing rings are called ___
right - Answers the anomeric carbon is usually drawn on the ___ side for monosaccharides
D - Answers configuration if the primary alcohol is pointing up in the ring
L - Answers configuration if the primary alcohol is pointing down in the ring
bottom - Answers anything on the right side of a linear structure appears on the ___ of the cyclic
structure
ring - Answers in aqueous solution the cyclic form is at equilibrium with the linear form, with
equilibrium favoring the ___ structure
anomeric carbon - Answers the only carbon in the cyclic structure that has two covalent bonds
to oxygen
chair - Answers pyranose rings favor ___ conformations
D because all OH groups are equatorial - Answers is D or L more abundant?
glucose - Answers the only aldohexose that can put all bulky groups in equatorial positions
reducing sugar - Answers a sugar that acts as a reducing agent (reduces a substrate at the
expense of becoming oxidized)
aldehyde - Answers for a sugar to function as a reducing agent, there must be an available ____
aldonic acid - Answers once an aldose participates in a redox reaction, the carbohydrate product
is an ____
yes - Answers are all monosaccharides reducing sugars?
