N322 - GI System Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
histamine 2 receptor antagonists - Answers ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac)
uses of ranitidine hydrochloride - Answers used to treat GI ulcers, heartburn, erosive esophagitis,
GERD, hypersecretory Zollenger-Ellison Syndrome, increase gastrin and systemic mastocytosis,
increase histamine
action of ranitidine hydrochloride - Answers block secretion of gastric acid
block histamine 2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach
decrease amount of stomach acid and increase pH
other examples of histamine 2 receptor antagonists - Answers famotidine (Pepcid)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
side effects of cimetidine - Answers decreases libido
interactions of cimetidine - Answers increases levels of warfarin and phenytoin
antacids decrease absorption
proton pump inhibitors - Answers omeprazole (Prilosec)
action of proton pump inhibitors - Answers inhibit hydrogen-potassium-ATPase enzyme system
in parietal cells > suppresses gastric acid production
administration of omeprazole - Answers orally before first meal of the day
side effects of omeprazole - Answers bone loss
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
mucosal protectant - Answers sucralfate (Carafate)
action of mucosal protectant - Answers creates barrier between stomach and gastric secretions
creates gel like barrier between ulcer and gastric secretions
patient instructions for sucralfate - Answers drink plenty of clear fluids
antacids - Answers aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
, action of antacids - Answers neutralize gastric acid by producing neutral salts, and inactivating
pepsin
other examples of antacids - Answers magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
side effects of antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide - Answers hypophosphatemia
because of the aluminum's ability to bing with phosphate and decrease it's absorption
monitor phosphate levels
prostaglandin E analog - Answers misoprostol (Cytotec)
action of prostaglandin E analog - Answers acts as an endogenous prostaglandin in the GI tract
that decreases acid secretion, increases the secretion of bicarbonate and protective mucus, and
promotes vasodilation to maintain submucosal blood flow
contraindications for misoprostol - Answers Pregnancy category X
uses of misoprostol - Answers used in clients taking long-term NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers
used in clients who are pregnant only to induce labor by causing cervical ripening
antibiotics - Answers amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
tetracycline
uses for antibiotics - Answers clients who have H. pylori
they eradicate the disease process
administration of antibiotics for H. pylori - Answers combination of 2 or 3 antibiotics for 14 days
to increase effectiveness and to minimize the development of medication resistance
drug therapy for nausea - Answers serotonin antagonists
antihistamines
prokinetic
histamine 2 receptor antagonists - Answers ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac)
uses of ranitidine hydrochloride - Answers used to treat GI ulcers, heartburn, erosive esophagitis,
GERD, hypersecretory Zollenger-Ellison Syndrome, increase gastrin and systemic mastocytosis,
increase histamine
action of ranitidine hydrochloride - Answers block secretion of gastric acid
block histamine 2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach
decrease amount of stomach acid and increase pH
other examples of histamine 2 receptor antagonists - Answers famotidine (Pepcid)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
side effects of cimetidine - Answers decreases libido
interactions of cimetidine - Answers increases levels of warfarin and phenytoin
antacids decrease absorption
proton pump inhibitors - Answers omeprazole (Prilosec)
action of proton pump inhibitors - Answers inhibit hydrogen-potassium-ATPase enzyme system
in parietal cells > suppresses gastric acid production
administration of omeprazole - Answers orally before first meal of the day
side effects of omeprazole - Answers bone loss
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
mucosal protectant - Answers sucralfate (Carafate)
action of mucosal protectant - Answers creates barrier between stomach and gastric secretions
creates gel like barrier between ulcer and gastric secretions
patient instructions for sucralfate - Answers drink plenty of clear fluids
antacids - Answers aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
, action of antacids - Answers neutralize gastric acid by producing neutral salts, and inactivating
pepsin
other examples of antacids - Answers magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
side effects of antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide - Answers hypophosphatemia
because of the aluminum's ability to bing with phosphate and decrease it's absorption
monitor phosphate levels
prostaglandin E analog - Answers misoprostol (Cytotec)
action of prostaglandin E analog - Answers acts as an endogenous prostaglandin in the GI tract
that decreases acid secretion, increases the secretion of bicarbonate and protective mucus, and
promotes vasodilation to maintain submucosal blood flow
contraindications for misoprostol - Answers Pregnancy category X
uses of misoprostol - Answers used in clients taking long-term NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers
used in clients who are pregnant only to induce labor by causing cervical ripening
antibiotics - Answers amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
tetracycline
uses for antibiotics - Answers clients who have H. pylori
they eradicate the disease process
administration of antibiotics for H. pylori - Answers combination of 2 or 3 antibiotics for 14 days
to increase effectiveness and to minimize the development of medication resistance
drug therapy for nausea - Answers serotonin antagonists
antihistamines
prokinetic
