N322 Quiz 1 Review Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
What are the three parts of EBP? - Answers - clinical expertise
- best research evidence
- patient values & preference
Clinical Expertise - Answers expert panels, practice groups, consensus statements
Best Scientific Evidence - Answers results of experiments and quantitative studies
Patient Preferences - Answers satisfaction, quality of life, treatment burden, qualitative studies
What are the steps of the EBP process? - Answers 0. cultivate a spirit of inquiry
1. ask the burning clinical question in PICOT format
2. search for and collect the most relevant evidence
3. critically appraise the evidence
4. integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
5. evaluate outcomes
6. disseminate the outcomes
What is level I evidence? - Answers - systematic review or meta analysis of RCT
- evidence based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews
What is level II evidence? - Answers a well-designed RCT
What is level III evidence? - Answers controlled trial without randomization (quasi experimental
study)
What is level IV evidence? - Answers single non experimental study
Examples of single non experimental studies? - Answers - case control
- correlational
- cohort studies
What is level V evidence? - Answers systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
What is level VI evidence? - Answers single descriptive or qualitative study
What is level VII evidence? - Answers opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
, Quantitative Research - Answers research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical
form
What do quantitative designs use? - Answers hypotheses
Hypothesis - Answers a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
Causal relationship - Answers x causes a change in y
independent variable - Answers the intervention
dependent variable - Answers the outcome
Example of a clinical question? - Answers in college students, is there a relationship between
caffeine intake and level of anxiety?
Example of a directional hypotheses? - Answers college students who drink coffee have a
higher level of anxiety than those who do not
Example of a nondirectional hypotheses? - Answers there is a difference in anxiety in students
who drink coffee compared with students who do not
Example of a null hypotheses? - Answers there is no relationship between caffeine and anxiety
in college students
Null Hypothesis - Answers the hypothesis that may read, "there is no difference between..."
Two types of quantitative research design? - Answers - experimental
- quasi-experimental
What is an experimental research design aka? - Answers true experiment, RCT
What is included in an experimental research design? - Answers - includes manipulation of
independent variable
- random assignment to intervention and control groups
- overall rigor and control built in to the design
What is included in a quasi experimental research design? - Answers - may lack a control group
- may lack random assignment
- may lack overall rigor/control
Randomized Controlled Trial/Experiment - Answers experiment where sample is randomly
assigned to intervention/control groups
What are the three parts of EBP? - Answers - clinical expertise
- best research evidence
- patient values & preference
Clinical Expertise - Answers expert panels, practice groups, consensus statements
Best Scientific Evidence - Answers results of experiments and quantitative studies
Patient Preferences - Answers satisfaction, quality of life, treatment burden, qualitative studies
What are the steps of the EBP process? - Answers 0. cultivate a spirit of inquiry
1. ask the burning clinical question in PICOT format
2. search for and collect the most relevant evidence
3. critically appraise the evidence
4. integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
5. evaluate outcomes
6. disseminate the outcomes
What is level I evidence? - Answers - systematic review or meta analysis of RCT
- evidence based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews
What is level II evidence? - Answers a well-designed RCT
What is level III evidence? - Answers controlled trial without randomization (quasi experimental
study)
What is level IV evidence? - Answers single non experimental study
Examples of single non experimental studies? - Answers - case control
- correlational
- cohort studies
What is level V evidence? - Answers systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
What is level VI evidence? - Answers single descriptive or qualitative study
What is level VII evidence? - Answers opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
, Quantitative Research - Answers research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical
form
What do quantitative designs use? - Answers hypotheses
Hypothesis - Answers a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
Causal relationship - Answers x causes a change in y
independent variable - Answers the intervention
dependent variable - Answers the outcome
Example of a clinical question? - Answers in college students, is there a relationship between
caffeine intake and level of anxiety?
Example of a directional hypotheses? - Answers college students who drink coffee have a
higher level of anxiety than those who do not
Example of a nondirectional hypotheses? - Answers there is a difference in anxiety in students
who drink coffee compared with students who do not
Example of a null hypotheses? - Answers there is no relationship between caffeine and anxiety
in college students
Null Hypothesis - Answers the hypothesis that may read, "there is no difference between..."
Two types of quantitative research design? - Answers - experimental
- quasi-experimental
What is an experimental research design aka? - Answers true experiment, RCT
What is included in an experimental research design? - Answers - includes manipulation of
independent variable
- random assignment to intervention and control groups
- overall rigor and control built in to the design
What is included in a quasi experimental research design? - Answers - may lack a control group
- may lack random assignment
- may lack overall rigor/control
Randomized Controlled Trial/Experiment - Answers experiment where sample is randomly
assigned to intervention/control groups
