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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 4th edition by Stuart Russell , Peter Norvig ISBN: 978-0134610993 ALL CHAPTERS COVERED YOUR ULTIMATE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!!

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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 4th edition by Stuart Russell , Peter Norvig ISBN: 978-0134610993 ALL CHAPTERS COVERED YOUR ULTIMATE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!!

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Instructor’s Solution Manual JA JA




Artificial Intelligence JA JA




A Modern Approach
JA JA




Fourth Edition JA




Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig
JA JA JA JA JA




with contributions from
JA JA



Nalin Chhibber, Ernest Davis, Nicholas J. Hay, Jared Moore, Alex Rudnick,
JA JA JA JA JA JA JA JA JA JA JA

Mehran Sahami, Xiaocheng Mesut Yang, and Albert Yu
JA JA JA JA JA JA JA




ThisJAsolutionJAmanualJAisJAintendedJAforJAtheJAinstructorJAofJAaJAclass.JAStudentsJAshouldJAuseJAth
eJAonlineJAsiteJAforJAexercisesJAatJAaimacode.github.io/aima-
exercises.J A ThatJAsiteJAisJAopenJAforJAanyoneJAtoJAuse.JAItJAoffersJAsolutionsJAforJAsomeJAbutJAn
otJAallJAofJAtheJAexercises;JAanJAinstructorJAcanJAcheckJAthereJAtoJAseeJAwhichJAonesJAhaveJAsolution
s.J A TheJAexercisesJAareJAonlineJAratherJAthanJAinJAtheJAtextbookJAitselfJAbecauseJA(a)JAtheJAtextbo
okJAisJAlongJAenoughJAasJAis,JAandJA(b)JAweJAwantedJAtoJAbeJAableJAtoJAupdateJAtheJAexercisesJAfreq
uently.




CopyrightJA©JA2022
©JA2023JAPearsonJAEducation,JAHoboken,JANJ.JAAllJArightsJAr
eserved.

,EXERCISES J A JA

1
INTRODUCTION
NoteJAthatJAforJAmanyJAofJAtheJAquestionsJAinJAthisJAchapter,JAweJAgiveJAreferencesJAwhereJAanswer
sJAcanJAbeJAfoundJAratherJAthanJAwritingJAthemJAout—
theJAfullJAanswersJAwouldJAbeJAfarJAtooJAlong.

1.1 What Is AI?
J A JA JA




ExerciseJA1.1.#DEFA
DefineJAinJAyourJAownJAwords:J A (a)JAintelligence,JA(b)JAartificialJAintelligence,JA(c)JAagent,JA(d)
JAra-JAtionality,JA(e)JAlogicalJAreasoning.




a. DictionaryJAdefinitionsJAofJAintelligenceJAtalkJAaboutJA“theJAcapacityJAtoJAacquireJAandJAa
pplyJAknowledge”JAorJA“theJAfacultyJAofJAthoughtJAandJAreason”JAorJA“theJAabilityJAtoJAcom
prehendJAandJAprofitJAfromJAexperience.”J A TheseJAareJAallJAreasonableJAanswers,JAbutJAifJ
AweJAwantJAsomethingJAquantifiableJAweJAwouldJAuseJAsomethingJAlikeJA“theJAabilityJAtoJAa

ctJAsuccessfullyJAacrossJAaJAwideJArangeJAofJAobjectivesJAinJAcomplexJAenvironments.”
b. WeJAdefineJAartificialJAintelligenceJAasJAtheJAstudyJAandJAconstructionJAofJAagentJAprogra
msJAthatJAperformJAwellJAinJAaJAgivenJAclassJAofJAenvironments,JAforJAaJAgivenJAagentJAarch
itecture;JAtheyJAdoJAtheJArightJAthing.J A AnJAimportantJApartJAofJAthatJAisJAdealingJAwithJAthe
JAuncertaintyJAofJAwhatJAtheJAcurrentJAstateJAis,JAwhatJAtheJAoutcomeJAofJApossibleJAactionsJ

AmightJAbe,JAandJAwhatJAisJAitJAthatJAweJAreallyJAdesire.

c. WeJAdefineJAanJAagentJAasJAanJAentityJAthatJAtakesJAactionJAinJAresponseJAtoJAperceptsJAfromJ
AanJAenvi-JAronment.

d. WeJAdefineJArationalityJAasJAtheJApropertyJAofJAaJAsystemJAwhichJAdoesJAtheJA“rightJAthing
”JAgivenJAwhatJAitJAknows.J A SeeJASectionJA2.2JAforJAaJAmoreJAcompleteJAdiscussion.J A TheJ
AbasicJAconceptJAisJAperfectJArationality;JASectionJA??JAdescribesJAtheJAimpossibilityJAofJAac

hievingJAperfectJArational-JAityJAandJAproposesJAanJAalternativeJAdefinition.
e. WeJAdefineJAlogicalJAreasoningJAasJAtheJAaJAprocessJAofJAderivingJAnewJAsentencesJAfromJAol
d,JAsuchJAthatJAtheJAnewJAsentencesJAareJAnecessarilyJAtrueJAifJAtheJAoldJAonesJAareJAtrue.JA(Noti
ceJAthatJAdoesJAnotJAreferJAtoJAanyJAspecificJAsyntaxJAorJAformalJAlanguage,JAbutJAitJAdoesJArequi
reJAaJAwell-definedJAnotionJAofJAtruth.)


ExerciseJA1.1.#TURI
ReadJATuring’sJAoriginalJApaperJAonJAAIJA(Turing,JA1950).J A InJAtheJApaper,JAheJAdiscussesJAsev
eralJAobjectionsJAtoJAhisJAproposedJAenterpriseJAandJAhisJAtestJAforJAintelligence.JAWhichJAobjectionsJAst
illJAcarry
©JA2023JAPearsonJAEducation,JAHoboken,JANJ.JAAllJArightsJAr
eserved.

, SectionJA1.1J A J A WhatJAIs 3
JAAI?




weight?J A AreJAhisJArefutationsJAvalid?J A CanJAyouJAthinkJAofJAnewJAobjectionsJAarisingJAfromJA
develop-
JAmentsJAsinceJAheJAwroteJAtheJApaper?J A InJAtheJApaper,JAheJApredictsJAthat,JAbyJAtheJAyearJA2000,JA

aJAcomputerJAwillJAhaveJAaJA30%JAchanceJAofJApassingJAaJAfive-
minuteJATuringJATestJAwithJAanJAunskilledJAinterrogator.JAWhatJAchanceJAdoJAyouJAthinkJAaJAcom
puterJAwouldJAhaveJAtoday?JAInJAanotherJA25JAyears?
SeeJAtheJAsolutionJAforJAexerciseJA26.1JAforJAsomeJAdiscussionJAofJApotentialJAobjections.
TheJAprobabilityJAofJAfoolingJAanJAinterrogatorJAdependsJAonJAjustJAhowJAunskilledJAtheJAinterr
ogatorJAis.J A AJAfewJAentrantsJAinJAtheJALoebnerJAprizeJAcompetitionsJAhaveJAfooledJAjudges,JAalt
houghJAifJAyouJAlookJAatJAtheJAtranscripts,JAitJAlooksJAlikeJAtheJAjudgesJAwereJAhavingJAfunJArather
JAthanJAtakingJAtheirJAjobJAseriously.J A ThereJAcertainlyJAhaveJAbeenJAexamplesJAofJAaJAchatbotJAo

rJAotherJAonlineJAagentJAfoolingJAhumans.JAForJAexample,JAseeJAtheJAdescriptionJAofJAtheJAJuliaJAch
atbotJAatJAwww.lazytd.com/lti/JAjulia/.J A We’dJAsayJAtheJAchanceJAtodayJAisJAsometh
ingJAlikeJA10%,JAwithJAtheJAvariationJAdependingJAmoreJAonJAtheJAskillJAofJAtheJAinterrogatorJArat
herJAthanJAtheJAprogram.J A InJA25JAyears,JAweJAexpectJAthatJ A theJAentertainmentJAindustryJA(mov
ies,JAvideoJAgames,JAcommercials)JAwillJAhaveJAmadeJAsufficientJAinvestmentsJAinJAartificialJAac
torsJAtoJAcreateJAveryJAcredibleJAimpersonators.
NoteJAthatJAgovernmentsJAandJAinternationalJAorganizationsJAareJAseriouslyJAconsideringJArule
sJAthatJArequireJAAIJAsystemsJAtoJAbeJAidentifiedJAasJAsuch.JAInJACalifornia,JAitJAisJAalreadyJAillegalJAf
orJAmachinesJAtoJAimpersonateJAhumansJAinJAcertainJAcircumstances.


ExerciseJA1.1.#REFL
AreJAreflexJAactionsJA(suchJAasJAflinchingJAfromJAaJAhotJAstove)JArational?JAAreJAtheyJAintelligent?


Yes,JAtheyJAareJArational,JAbecauseJAslower,JAdeliberativeJAactionsJAwouldJAtendJAtoJAresultJAi
nJAmoreJAdamageJAtoJAtheJAhand.J A IfJA“intelligent”JAmeansJA“applyingJAknowledge”JAorJA“using
JAthoughtJAandJAreasoning”JAthenJAitJAdoesJAnotJArequireJAintelligenceJAtoJAmakeJAaJAreflexJAactio

n.


ExerciseJA1.1.#SYAI
ToJAwhatJAextentJAareJAtheJAfollowingJAcomputerJAsystemsJAinstancesJAofJAartificialJAintelligence:
• SupermarketJAbarJAcodeJAscanners.
• WebJAsearchJAengines.
• Voice-activatedJAtelephoneJAmenus.
• SpellingJAandJAgrammarJAcorrectionJAfeaturesJAinJAwordJAprocessingJAprograms.
• InternetJAroutingJAalgorithmsJAthatJArespondJAdynamicallyJAtoJAtheJAstateJAofJAtheJAnetwork.


• AlthoughJAbarJAcodeJAscanningJAisJAinJAaJAsenseJAcomputerJAvision,JAtheseJAareJAnotJAAIJAs
ystems.JATheJAproblemJAofJAreadingJAaJAbarJAcodeJAisJAanJAextremelyJAlimitedJAandJAartifici
alJAformJAofJAvisualJAinterpretation,JAandJAitJAhasJAbeenJAcarefullyJAdesignedJAtoJAbeJAasJAsi
mpleJAasJApossible,JAgivenJAtheJAhardware.
• InJAmanyJArespects.J A TheJAproblemJAofJAdeterminingJAtheJArelevanceJAofJAaJAwebJApageJAto
©JA2023JAPearsonJAEducation,JAHoboken,JANJ.JAAllJArightsJAr
eserved.

, 4 ExercisesJ A 1J A J A Introduc
JAaJAquerytion
JAisJAaJAproblemJAinJAnaturalJAlanguageJAunderstanding,JAandJAtheJAtechniquesJAar

eJArelatedJAtoJAthose




©JA2023JAPearsonJAEducation,JAHoboken,JANJ.JAAllJArightsJAr
eserved.

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Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig Artificial Intelligence
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9780134610993 Edition: 4

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