PSYC 3402 FINAL QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
Mental Disorder and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) - ANSWER-The primary
tool used to diagnose mental disorders
The International Statistical classification of Diseases (ICD) published by the World
Health Organization is used to classify mental disorders
The DSM-V (2013) - ANSWER-Key changes in this version include harmonization
between the DSM and the ICD and the dropping of a multi-axle description
Mental disorder - ANSWER-a syndrome characterized by clinically significant
disturbance in an individuals:
cognition
emotion regulation , or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological,
biological or developmental process underlying mental functioning
They are associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important
activities
The DSM III: - ANSWER-introduced the multi axial system designed to provide a more
comprehensive description of the individual being assessed
Axis I: Clinical disorders: - ANSWER-including mood disorders, anxiety disorders,
phobias, schizophrenia, bi-polar disorders, dissociative disorders gender identity
disorders, eating disorders, substance-related disorders and developmental and
learning disorders
Axis II: - ANSWER-Mental retardation and personality disorders: including avoidant,
dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic,
paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders
Axis III: General Medical Conditions - ANSWER-that may be related to mental disorder
or that might influence the choice of medications for treating the disorder
Although the DSM-V dropped the multi-axial system the axial approach is still somewhat
helpful from a criminal justice and criminal responsibility perspective - ANSWER-Axis I:
Individuals meeting axis I disorder are to be diverted to the mental health system rather
than go through the criminal justice system
Axis II: disorders, symptoms disrupt interactions with others but do not impair one's
ability to know right from wrong and to form intent
,Assessment And decisions regarding mental disordered conflict with the courts: -
ANSWER-In cases where the police immediately considers the individuals to be
mentally disordered they can take them directly to a psychiatric emergency department
in a hospital
If concern still remain after examination by a psychiatrist the accused can be
involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital under a civil commitment order
Alternatively, the accused can be arrested, taken to jail/court, ad then referred for a
forensic assessment
Time limit is usually 30 days
Unfit to stand trial: Section 2 of the Canadian Criminal code: - ANSWER-" An accused is
unfit to stand trial if he or she is unable on account of a mental disorder to conduct a
defence at any stage of the proceedings before a verdict is rendered or to instruct
counsel to do so, and in particular on account of mental disorder to: Understand the
nature or object of the proceedings Understand the possible consequences of the
proceedings Or communicate with counsel
Problems with Diagnoses: - ANSWER-Developed primarily by psychiatry so may not
reflect psychological research
Is unrelated to causation
There are different classification systems
Prevalence varies by model used
Canada & UK are using severe personality disorder as a criterion for indeterminate
sentencing
Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) - ANSWER-If
there is no criminal intent then there is no crime, it is presumed that if you know what
you're doing and subsequently choose to do it, you are culpable. (Mens rea)
If you are mental disorders and undo not understand the consequences fo your actions
then you should not be culpable for your actions (no mens rea)
If a person fails this competency assessment they may be diverted to mental health
system
he effects of deinstitutionalization on the Prison population - ANSWER-Given this
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients over 2 decades in Canada it is possible that
the resultant diminished access to health care and social support systems led to these
patients seeking such services in the criminal justice system
In comparison to community rates, offenders experience much greater mental health
symptoms, consistent with Teplin's (1990) comment that: Jails have become a
repository of the severely mentally ill
, Criminalization of the mentally ill (Brink et al 2001): - ANSWER-People with antisocial
personality engage in criminal behaviour. Prisoners have high rates of antisocial
personality. Therefore, mental disorder is related to crime
Brink, Doherty and Boer (2001): - ANSWER-Concluded that such findings suggest that
inadequate social policy and arrest bias alone fail to explain the high prevalence rates of
mental disorders in prison populations
Stigma: - ANSWER-is primarily a problem of behaviours resulting in the unfair
inequitable treatment of people with mental illness a common misconception is that all
mentally ill individuals are violent and unpredictable, as this is often depicted in media
It occurs at individual,
group,
and agency levels
Prevalence of Personality Disorders - ANSWER-Prisoners with personality disorders
were more likely to report childhood conduct problems, adverse childhood experiences,
and victimization than those with no personality disorder
The most common personality disorder in the female offenders were: - ANSWER-
Antisocial
Paranoid
Borderline
The lease common diagnoses were: - ANSWER-Schizoid
Schizotypal
Dependent
Self stigma: - ANSWER-occurs when people with mental illness accept and agree wit
negative cultural stereotypes. They may feel ashamed, blameworthy and try to conceal
their illness from others
Public stigma: - ANSWER-encompasses the prejudicial attributes and discriminatory
behaviours expressed toward people with mental illness by menbers of the public. This
related to challenges such individuals face when attempting re-entry into the community
after being in prison
Agency Stigma: - ANSWER-occurs at the level of institutions, policies and laws, it
creates situation in which people with mental illness are treated inequitably and unfairly
such as placement in segregation
Street corner psychiatrists (Teplin): - ANSWER-Police have considerable direction in
deciding how to manage crisis and whether or not to arrest a person. When dealing with
a mentally ill person they may decide to informally resolve the problem, to arrest the
person or to take the person to a hospital for evolution
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
Mental Disorder and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) - ANSWER-The primary
tool used to diagnose mental disorders
The International Statistical classification of Diseases (ICD) published by the World
Health Organization is used to classify mental disorders
The DSM-V (2013) - ANSWER-Key changes in this version include harmonization
between the DSM and the ICD and the dropping of a multi-axle description
Mental disorder - ANSWER-a syndrome characterized by clinically significant
disturbance in an individuals:
cognition
emotion regulation , or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological,
biological or developmental process underlying mental functioning
They are associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important
activities
The DSM III: - ANSWER-introduced the multi axial system designed to provide a more
comprehensive description of the individual being assessed
Axis I: Clinical disorders: - ANSWER-including mood disorders, anxiety disorders,
phobias, schizophrenia, bi-polar disorders, dissociative disorders gender identity
disorders, eating disorders, substance-related disorders and developmental and
learning disorders
Axis II: - ANSWER-Mental retardation and personality disorders: including avoidant,
dependent, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic,
paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders
Axis III: General Medical Conditions - ANSWER-that may be related to mental disorder
or that might influence the choice of medications for treating the disorder
Although the DSM-V dropped the multi-axial system the axial approach is still somewhat
helpful from a criminal justice and criminal responsibility perspective - ANSWER-Axis I:
Individuals meeting axis I disorder are to be diverted to the mental health system rather
than go through the criminal justice system
Axis II: disorders, symptoms disrupt interactions with others but do not impair one's
ability to know right from wrong and to form intent
,Assessment And decisions regarding mental disordered conflict with the courts: -
ANSWER-In cases where the police immediately considers the individuals to be
mentally disordered they can take them directly to a psychiatric emergency department
in a hospital
If concern still remain after examination by a psychiatrist the accused can be
involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital under a civil commitment order
Alternatively, the accused can be arrested, taken to jail/court, ad then referred for a
forensic assessment
Time limit is usually 30 days
Unfit to stand trial: Section 2 of the Canadian Criminal code: - ANSWER-" An accused is
unfit to stand trial if he or she is unable on account of a mental disorder to conduct a
defence at any stage of the proceedings before a verdict is rendered or to instruct
counsel to do so, and in particular on account of mental disorder to: Understand the
nature or object of the proceedings Understand the possible consequences of the
proceedings Or communicate with counsel
Problems with Diagnoses: - ANSWER-Developed primarily by psychiatry so may not
reflect psychological research
Is unrelated to causation
There are different classification systems
Prevalence varies by model used
Canada & UK are using severe personality disorder as a criterion for indeterminate
sentencing
Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) - ANSWER-If
there is no criminal intent then there is no crime, it is presumed that if you know what
you're doing and subsequently choose to do it, you are culpable. (Mens rea)
If you are mental disorders and undo not understand the consequences fo your actions
then you should not be culpable for your actions (no mens rea)
If a person fails this competency assessment they may be diverted to mental health
system
he effects of deinstitutionalization on the Prison population - ANSWER-Given this
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients over 2 decades in Canada it is possible that
the resultant diminished access to health care and social support systems led to these
patients seeking such services in the criminal justice system
In comparison to community rates, offenders experience much greater mental health
symptoms, consistent with Teplin's (1990) comment that: Jails have become a
repository of the severely mentally ill
, Criminalization of the mentally ill (Brink et al 2001): - ANSWER-People with antisocial
personality engage in criminal behaviour. Prisoners have high rates of antisocial
personality. Therefore, mental disorder is related to crime
Brink, Doherty and Boer (2001): - ANSWER-Concluded that such findings suggest that
inadequate social policy and arrest bias alone fail to explain the high prevalence rates of
mental disorders in prison populations
Stigma: - ANSWER-is primarily a problem of behaviours resulting in the unfair
inequitable treatment of people with mental illness a common misconception is that all
mentally ill individuals are violent and unpredictable, as this is often depicted in media
It occurs at individual,
group,
and agency levels
Prevalence of Personality Disorders - ANSWER-Prisoners with personality disorders
were more likely to report childhood conduct problems, adverse childhood experiences,
and victimization than those with no personality disorder
The most common personality disorder in the female offenders were: - ANSWER-
Antisocial
Paranoid
Borderline
The lease common diagnoses were: - ANSWER-Schizoid
Schizotypal
Dependent
Self stigma: - ANSWER-occurs when people with mental illness accept and agree wit
negative cultural stereotypes. They may feel ashamed, blameworthy and try to conceal
their illness from others
Public stigma: - ANSWER-encompasses the prejudicial attributes and discriminatory
behaviours expressed toward people with mental illness by menbers of the public. This
related to challenges such individuals face when attempting re-entry into the community
after being in prison
Agency Stigma: - ANSWER-occurs at the level of institutions, policies and laws, it
creates situation in which people with mental illness are treated inequitably and unfairly
such as placement in segregation
Street corner psychiatrists (Teplin): - ANSWER-Police have considerable direction in
deciding how to manage crisis and whether or not to arrest a person. When dealing with
a mentally ill person they may decide to informally resolve the problem, to arrest the
person or to take the person to a hospital for evolution
