CNS EXAM: CERTIFIED NUTRITION SPECIALIST QUESTIONS WITH WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS 2025 A+ GRADED

CNS EXAM: CERTIFIED NUTRITION SPECIALIST QUESTIONS WITH WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS 2025 A+ GRADED Dumping syndrome is associated with: A. Osmotic movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate B. Reactive hypoglycemia C. Gastric resection surgery D. All of the above - Answer: D - Dumping syndrome is associated with the movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate. It often accompanies gastric resection surgery and leads to diarrhea. Reactive hypoglycemia may result when carbohydrate in the gut is rapidly digested and absorbed, leading to over-secretion of insulin. What do white specs in the nails indicate a deficiency in? - zinc Q - Which of the following is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in organ transplantation? A. Sodium and fluid diuresis B. Hyperphosphatemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Decreased vitamin C requirements - Answer: C - Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in organ transplantation, as a result of disturbances in renal hormone activity. Sodium and fluid retention and hypophosphatemia (electrolyte disturbance with abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood) are also side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. Q - Which of the following is true for reactive hypoglycemia? A. It is defined as a plasma glucose level less than 70 mg/dl. B. It is treated with a diet high in complex carbohydrates. C. It is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels one hour after eating. D. Peak insulin activity occurs 90-180 minutes after food is eaten. - Answer: D - Initially after eating, blood glucose levels become dangerously low following a meal. In reactive hypoglycemia peak insulin activity occurs 90-180 minutes after food is eaten, vs. the normal insulin response which occurs 30-60 minutes after eating. Reactive hypoglycemia is defined as a plasma glucose level LESS than 50 mg/dl, is treated with a moderate carbohydrate (40 to 55%) diet, and is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels immediately after eating. Some critical illnesses can cause it--liver and kidney disorders. Q - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A. Are linked with linear growth B. May include a resting energy expenditure 50% higher than that of normal infants C. May include use of diuretics to regulate water balance D. All of the above - Answer: D - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary disease are linked with linear growth (a measure of lung development), may include a resting energy expenditure that is 50% higher than that of normal infants, and may include the use of diuretics to regulate water balance. Bronchopulmonary disease is a common lung disorder in premature infants which increases energy needs. Diuretics are often needed to regulate water balance as a result of respiratory compromise. Q - A food frequency questionnaire differs from a 24-hour recall in what way: A. A food frequency questionnaire does not inquire about portion sizes. B. The 24-hour recall asks about typical meal patterns. C. A food frequency questionnaire allows open-ended responses. D. A food frequency questionnaire always asks about the same types of foods. - Answer: B - A food frequency questionnaire differs from a 24-hour recall because it does not ask about typical meal patterns. A food frequency questionnaire asks about intakes of different types of foods and usual portion sizes over time, and does not allow open-ended responses. The types of foods asked about on a food frequency questionnaire may be changed to reflect the population of interest. Q - Examples of foods avoided on a low-purine diet are: A. Eggs, cheese, peanut butter B. Sardines, broth, organ meats C. Carrots, tomatoes, corn D. Bread, crackers, cold cereal - Answer: B - Examples of foods avoided on a low-purine diet are sardines, broth, and organ meats. These foods are high in purine and are eliminated in the treatment of gout, caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Purines (chemical compound found in some foods) are broken down into uric acid. Q - A 25-year old female patient recovering from surgery to correct an intestinal obstruction needs complete bowel rest which necessitates the use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). The patient was 10 pounds underweight prior to surgery and is occasionally febrile. Which of the following formulations would be most appropriate for this patient? A. 30 kcals, 1 g protein, 30 ml fluid per kg/body weight;100 mg vitamin C, 5 mg zinc per day CONTINUES...