MGA GA History Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Late Woodland Period - ANSWER-600 AD to 900 AD construction of mound building
slowed. Trade decreased and corn agriculture became important in North Georgia.
Projectiles or weapons began to appear the bow and arrows used to hunt deer and
other animals. More Fortified settlements appeared as well during this time.
Fortification include ditches and palisades.
Gullah - ANSWER-West Africans accepted the name of islanders in South Carolina.
Gullah coast spans from Sandy Island So. Carolina to Amelia Florida. Gullah culture
passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Geechee - ANSWER-West Africans accepted the name of islanders in Georgia.
Geechee culture passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Gullah and Geechee Culture - ANSWER-The Gullah-Geechee Cultural Heritage
Corridor is a federal National Heritage Area in the United States, representing the
significant story of the Gullah-Geechee people for maintaining their cultural
traditions, and for being a reflection of the values of ingenuity, pride, and
perseverance.
Board of Trustees - ANSWER-Established in Georgia 1732 primarly to help British
Citizens create a mercantile system to supply England with agricultural products.
Antislavery Law - ANSWER-The penal colony of the Province of Georgia under
James Oglethorpe banned slavery in 1735, the only one of the thirteen colonies to
have done so. However, it was legalized by royal decree in 1751, in part due to
George Whitefield's support for the institution of slavery.
Winward Coast (Rice Coast) - ANSWER-Georgia became successful in competing
economically with other slaved based rice economies along the Eastern seaboard.
Due to the fact that they imported slaves from the Winward Coast of West Africa.
Most of the slaves were from Senegambia ( now Senegal and Gambia), Sierra
Leone, and Liberia. Rice, indigo, and cotton were indigenous to the region.
Lorenzo Dow Turner - ANSWER-Linguist who publised Gullah dilect lexicon
"Africanisims in the Gullah Dialect" in 1949.
Migration - ANSWER-Thousands of slaves from Georgia and South Carolina
remained loyal to the British after the American Revolution 1775 - 83. Some
migrated to Novia Scotia Canada and gained freedom. Many returned to Sierra
Leone in 1791 and established Freetown (Captial).
McIntosh County Shouters - ANSWER-The southeastern ring shout is probably the
oldest surviving African American performance tradition on the North American
continent. It continues to be performed in a black community in McIntosh County on
,Georgia's coast. This compelling fusion of counterclockwise dancelike movement,
call-and-response singing, and percussion (in the form of hand-clapping and a stick
beating a drumlike rhythm on a wooden floor) is clearly African in its origins. The ring
shout affirms oneness with the Spirit and with ancestors as well as community
cohesiveness.
Seminole Nation - ANSWER-emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various
Native American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly
northern Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.[1] The word
"Seminole" is derived from the Creek word simanó-li, which may itself be derived
from the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning "runaway" or "wild one".
San Miguel de Gualdape - ANSWER-Founded by the Spanish in 1526 in an area
that is now part of Georgia, this settlement was led by Lucas Vasquez de Allyon. It
survived less than a year due to malaria, mutiny among settlers, an Indian attack and
a slave rebellion. However, before Allyon's death his positive reports encouraged
more Spaniards to come to the New World.
Hernado de Soto - ANSWER-Commanded 600 Spanish soldiers and marched them
from Florida to southwestern Georgia. His expedition 1539 - 43 his travels were the
only at the time to chronicle Native American chiefdom across the interior of the
southeastern U.S. However, the expedition brought with it plague and diseases that
wiped out massive populations of Native Americans.
Pedro Menendez de Aviles - ANSWER-a Spanish admiral and explorer from the
region of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-
oceanic convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.
James Edward Oglethorpe - ANSWER-22 December 1696 - 30 June 1785 was a
British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of
Georgia. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in
debtors' prisons, in the New World.
Dr. Henry Woodward - ANSWER-was the first British colonist of colonial South
Carolina. He established relationships with many Native American Indians in the
American southeast. He initiated trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many
Indian towns and tribes.
Apalachee Massacre - ANSWER-(1704) was an episode in Queen Anne's War.
Having failed to take St. Augustine, Florida, in 1702, former governor James Moore
of Carolina invaded the Apalachee district in western Florida with fifty Englishmen
and one thousand Creek Indians in 1704. Moore defeated Captain Mexia's force of
thirty Spaniards and four hundred Apalachees. Moore's troops pillaged and
destroyed all but one of the fourteen Franciscan mission settlements and captured
about fourteen hundred Christian Indians.
Yamasee War - ANSWER-(1715-1717) was a conflict between British settlers of
colonial South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Muscogee,
Cherokee, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee,
Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others. Some of the Native
, American Indian groups played a minor role while others launched attacks
throughout South Carolina in an attempt to destroy the colony.
Fort King George - ANSWER-The first British garrison of the Georgia colony.
Established in 1721 as the southernmost outpost of British North America, the post
became the stronghold for the coveted southeastern region. Garrisoned from 1721 to
1732, built under the command of Colonel John "Tuscarora Jack" Barnwell and
manned by His Majesty's Independent Company of Foot.
Fort Frederica - ANSWER-St. Simons Island served as the British military
headquarters in colonial America. During its heyday, from 1736 to 1758, General
James Oglethorpe's town and fort played a pivotal role in the struggle for empire
between the competing interests of England and Spain.
Indentured Servitude - ANSWER-labor under contract to an employer for a fixed
period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation,
food, clothing, lodging, and other necessities. Often used in the late 19th and early
20th century as a replacement of slave labor, but with fairly similar exploitative
working conditions. Laborers have often transported thousands of miles and could
not easily afford to return home.
William Stephens - ANSWER-Oglethorpe's secretary who took over the colony after
Oglethorpe returned to England; he encouraged the trustees to relax their rules on
land ownership and slavery.
James Wright - ANSWER-Georgia's third colonial royal governor; he worked to
strengthen the defense of the colony by building palisades around Savannah. He
was also governor during the American Revolution. Serving as Georgia's third and
last royal governor from 1760 to 1782, he is often regarded as the most popular and
competent of the governors.
Treaty of Augusta (1763) - ANSWER-in November a peace treaty was finally
negotiated on February 10, 1763. The treaty reduced Georgia's western boundary
from the Pacific Ocean to the Mississippi River. Georgia was elated about a
provision of the Treaty that ceded Spanish Florida to England. Finally, the Spanish
problem had been solved.
Stamp Act - ANSWER-An Act regulating a tax on the legal recognition of documents.
The British Parliament in 1765 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by
imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents.
Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the
revolutionary movement against the Crown.
Tondee's Tavern Resolutions - ANSWER-On July 4, 1775, the Second Provincial
Congress convened and over the next two weeks effectively created the first
government of the state. Delegates were elected to the Continental Congress, an
administration was framed, and a Council of Safety and Parochial Committee were
empowered to act in their stead during recess. Restricting trade, seizing British arms,
and persecuting Tories, these bodies would continue to operate out of Tondee's
Tavern.
Questions and Answers
Late Woodland Period - ANSWER-600 AD to 900 AD construction of mound building
slowed. Trade decreased and corn agriculture became important in North Georgia.
Projectiles or weapons began to appear the bow and arrows used to hunt deer and
other animals. More Fortified settlements appeared as well during this time.
Fortification include ditches and palisades.
Gullah - ANSWER-West Africans accepted the name of islanders in South Carolina.
Gullah coast spans from Sandy Island So. Carolina to Amelia Florida. Gullah culture
passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Geechee - ANSWER-West Africans accepted the name of islanders in Georgia.
Geechee culture passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Gullah and Geechee Culture - ANSWER-The Gullah-Geechee Cultural Heritage
Corridor is a federal National Heritage Area in the United States, representing the
significant story of the Gullah-Geechee people for maintaining their cultural
traditions, and for being a reflection of the values of ingenuity, pride, and
perseverance.
Board of Trustees - ANSWER-Established in Georgia 1732 primarly to help British
Citizens create a mercantile system to supply England with agricultural products.
Antislavery Law - ANSWER-The penal colony of the Province of Georgia under
James Oglethorpe banned slavery in 1735, the only one of the thirteen colonies to
have done so. However, it was legalized by royal decree in 1751, in part due to
George Whitefield's support for the institution of slavery.
Winward Coast (Rice Coast) - ANSWER-Georgia became successful in competing
economically with other slaved based rice economies along the Eastern seaboard.
Due to the fact that they imported slaves from the Winward Coast of West Africa.
Most of the slaves were from Senegambia ( now Senegal and Gambia), Sierra
Leone, and Liberia. Rice, indigo, and cotton were indigenous to the region.
Lorenzo Dow Turner - ANSWER-Linguist who publised Gullah dilect lexicon
"Africanisims in the Gullah Dialect" in 1949.
Migration - ANSWER-Thousands of slaves from Georgia and South Carolina
remained loyal to the British after the American Revolution 1775 - 83. Some
migrated to Novia Scotia Canada and gained freedom. Many returned to Sierra
Leone in 1791 and established Freetown (Captial).
McIntosh County Shouters - ANSWER-The southeastern ring shout is probably the
oldest surviving African American performance tradition on the North American
continent. It continues to be performed in a black community in McIntosh County on
,Georgia's coast. This compelling fusion of counterclockwise dancelike movement,
call-and-response singing, and percussion (in the form of hand-clapping and a stick
beating a drumlike rhythm on a wooden floor) is clearly African in its origins. The ring
shout affirms oneness with the Spirit and with ancestors as well as community
cohesiveness.
Seminole Nation - ANSWER-emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various
Native American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly
northern Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.[1] The word
"Seminole" is derived from the Creek word simanó-li, which may itself be derived
from the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning "runaway" or "wild one".
San Miguel de Gualdape - ANSWER-Founded by the Spanish in 1526 in an area
that is now part of Georgia, this settlement was led by Lucas Vasquez de Allyon. It
survived less than a year due to malaria, mutiny among settlers, an Indian attack and
a slave rebellion. However, before Allyon's death his positive reports encouraged
more Spaniards to come to the New World.
Hernado de Soto - ANSWER-Commanded 600 Spanish soldiers and marched them
from Florida to southwestern Georgia. His expedition 1539 - 43 his travels were the
only at the time to chronicle Native American chiefdom across the interior of the
southeastern U.S. However, the expedition brought with it plague and diseases that
wiped out massive populations of Native Americans.
Pedro Menendez de Aviles - ANSWER-a Spanish admiral and explorer from the
region of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-
oceanic convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.
James Edward Oglethorpe - ANSWER-22 December 1696 - 30 June 1785 was a
British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of
Georgia. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in
debtors' prisons, in the New World.
Dr. Henry Woodward - ANSWER-was the first British colonist of colonial South
Carolina. He established relationships with many Native American Indians in the
American southeast. He initiated trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many
Indian towns and tribes.
Apalachee Massacre - ANSWER-(1704) was an episode in Queen Anne's War.
Having failed to take St. Augustine, Florida, in 1702, former governor James Moore
of Carolina invaded the Apalachee district in western Florida with fifty Englishmen
and one thousand Creek Indians in 1704. Moore defeated Captain Mexia's force of
thirty Spaniards and four hundred Apalachees. Moore's troops pillaged and
destroyed all but one of the fourteen Franciscan mission settlements and captured
about fourteen hundred Christian Indians.
Yamasee War - ANSWER-(1715-1717) was a conflict between British settlers of
colonial South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Muscogee,
Cherokee, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee,
Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others. Some of the Native
, American Indian groups played a minor role while others launched attacks
throughout South Carolina in an attempt to destroy the colony.
Fort King George - ANSWER-The first British garrison of the Georgia colony.
Established in 1721 as the southernmost outpost of British North America, the post
became the stronghold for the coveted southeastern region. Garrisoned from 1721 to
1732, built under the command of Colonel John "Tuscarora Jack" Barnwell and
manned by His Majesty's Independent Company of Foot.
Fort Frederica - ANSWER-St. Simons Island served as the British military
headquarters in colonial America. During its heyday, from 1736 to 1758, General
James Oglethorpe's town and fort played a pivotal role in the struggle for empire
between the competing interests of England and Spain.
Indentured Servitude - ANSWER-labor under contract to an employer for a fixed
period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation,
food, clothing, lodging, and other necessities. Often used in the late 19th and early
20th century as a replacement of slave labor, but with fairly similar exploitative
working conditions. Laborers have often transported thousands of miles and could
not easily afford to return home.
William Stephens - ANSWER-Oglethorpe's secretary who took over the colony after
Oglethorpe returned to England; he encouraged the trustees to relax their rules on
land ownership and slavery.
James Wright - ANSWER-Georgia's third colonial royal governor; he worked to
strengthen the defense of the colony by building palisades around Savannah. He
was also governor during the American Revolution. Serving as Georgia's third and
last royal governor from 1760 to 1782, he is often regarded as the most popular and
competent of the governors.
Treaty of Augusta (1763) - ANSWER-in November a peace treaty was finally
negotiated on February 10, 1763. The treaty reduced Georgia's western boundary
from the Pacific Ocean to the Mississippi River. Georgia was elated about a
provision of the Treaty that ceded Spanish Florida to England. Finally, the Spanish
problem had been solved.
Stamp Act - ANSWER-An Act regulating a tax on the legal recognition of documents.
The British Parliament in 1765 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by
imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents.
Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the
revolutionary movement against the Crown.
Tondee's Tavern Resolutions - ANSWER-On July 4, 1775, the Second Provincial
Congress convened and over the next two weeks effectively created the first
government of the state. Delegates were elected to the Continental Congress, an
administration was framed, and a Council of Safety and Parochial Committee were
empowered to act in their stead during recess. Restricting trade, seizing British arms,
and persecuting Tories, these bodies would continue to operate out of Tondee's
Tavern.
