GACE Test 1& 2 and Praxis II School
Counselor Exam Questions with Correct
Answers Latest Version Updated
Schemes - Answer According to Piaget, human thinking is arranged into these which are organized
mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions. These direct and determine how data from the
world are seen and handled
Assimilation - Answer Process in which people understand and experience in terms of their current stage
of cognitive development and way of thinking. This occurs when people use their current ways of
thinking about and understanding the world to perceive and understand a new experience. Piaget
suggested that growth in children's understanding of the world can be explained by 2 basic principles of
____ and _____ (its opposite).
Accommodation - Answer Refers to changes in existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with
new stimuli or events. This works in tandem with another to bring about cognitive development. This
was one of 2 principles suggested by Piaget as a way to explain how children understand the world.
4 main cognitive development theorists - Answer Piaget, Skinner, Vygostsky, and Bandura
Piaget's key constructs - Answer egocentrism and sociocentrism
B. F. Skinner Key Constructs - Answer Behavior modification, stimulus, response, positive and negative
reinforcement and punishment, schedules of reinforcement.
Skinner - Answer Our behavior is determined by environmental factors which dismisses the notion of
invividual freedom. School counselor's still widely use his behavioral concepts. Learning driven by
operant conditioning
Vygotsky - Answer Cognitive theorist who suggests learning is contextual and driven by culture,
environment, and social interactions
, Vygotsky's key constructs - Answer Guided participation, zone of proximal development, scaffolding,
cultural mediation, internalization
Albert Bandura - Answer Cognitive Theorist who suggests learning is driven by modeling
Albert Bandura's key constructs - Answer Motivation, observational learning, reciprocal determinism
Skinner - Answer Cognitive theorist who advocated for reinforcement over punishment unless repeated
attempts using schedules of reinforcement are unsuccessful.
Skinner - Answer Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning - Answer Skinner suggested this theory that is the belief that behavior is learned.
Voluntary behaviors known as responses that are followed by a reinforcing stimulus are repeated as a
result of desirable consequences and behaviors that are followed by a punishing stimulus are not
repeated as the result of undesirable consequences.
Schedules of Reinforcement - Answer Skinner promoted this multiple ____ over time to modify or shape
behavior. This is most often used by school counselors to either increase or decrease the frequency or
specific child and adolescents behaviors.
Example of Schedule of Reinforcement - Answer behavior contract
Used most often with children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD - Answer Behavioral counseling
(Skinner's use of schedule of reinforcements)
Exempting students from a final exam of they have perfect attendance is an example of what? (Skinner)
- Answer Negative Reinforcement
Vygotsky approach to human development - Answer social development theory
Counselor Exam Questions with Correct
Answers Latest Version Updated
Schemes - Answer According to Piaget, human thinking is arranged into these which are organized
mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions. These direct and determine how data from the
world are seen and handled
Assimilation - Answer Process in which people understand and experience in terms of their current stage
of cognitive development and way of thinking. This occurs when people use their current ways of
thinking about and understanding the world to perceive and understand a new experience. Piaget
suggested that growth in children's understanding of the world can be explained by 2 basic principles of
____ and _____ (its opposite).
Accommodation - Answer Refers to changes in existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with
new stimuli or events. This works in tandem with another to bring about cognitive development. This
was one of 2 principles suggested by Piaget as a way to explain how children understand the world.
4 main cognitive development theorists - Answer Piaget, Skinner, Vygostsky, and Bandura
Piaget's key constructs - Answer egocentrism and sociocentrism
B. F. Skinner Key Constructs - Answer Behavior modification, stimulus, response, positive and negative
reinforcement and punishment, schedules of reinforcement.
Skinner - Answer Our behavior is determined by environmental factors which dismisses the notion of
invividual freedom. School counselor's still widely use his behavioral concepts. Learning driven by
operant conditioning
Vygotsky - Answer Cognitive theorist who suggests learning is contextual and driven by culture,
environment, and social interactions
, Vygotsky's key constructs - Answer Guided participation, zone of proximal development, scaffolding,
cultural mediation, internalization
Albert Bandura - Answer Cognitive Theorist who suggests learning is driven by modeling
Albert Bandura's key constructs - Answer Motivation, observational learning, reciprocal determinism
Skinner - Answer Cognitive theorist who advocated for reinforcement over punishment unless repeated
attempts using schedules of reinforcement are unsuccessful.
Skinner - Answer Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning - Answer Skinner suggested this theory that is the belief that behavior is learned.
Voluntary behaviors known as responses that are followed by a reinforcing stimulus are repeated as a
result of desirable consequences and behaviors that are followed by a punishing stimulus are not
repeated as the result of undesirable consequences.
Schedules of Reinforcement - Answer Skinner promoted this multiple ____ over time to modify or shape
behavior. This is most often used by school counselors to either increase or decrease the frequency or
specific child and adolescents behaviors.
Example of Schedule of Reinforcement - Answer behavior contract
Used most often with children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD - Answer Behavioral counseling
(Skinner's use of schedule of reinforcements)
Exempting students from a final exam of they have perfect attendance is an example of what? (Skinner)
- Answer Negative Reinforcement
Vygotsky approach to human development - Answer social development theory
