USMLE Step 1: Pathology
4 steps of leukocyte extravasation - ANS-margination/rolling
tight adhesion
diapedesis
migration
\action of Bcl-2 - ANS-prevents cytochrome c release by binding and inhibiting
APAF-1, which normally induces activation of caspase 9
\age-related amyloidosis - ANS-deposition of transthyretin in cardiac ventricles
\ALK: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--receptor tyrosine kinase
-lung adenocarcinoma
\amyloidosis in Alzheimer's - ANS-B-amyloid protein cleaved from APP
\amyloidosis in diabetes type II - ANS-islet amyloid polypeptide caused by deposition
of amylin in pancreatic islets
\bacterial granulomatous diseases - ANS-mycobacteria
bartonella henselae
listeria
treponema pallidum
\BCL-2: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--anti-apoptotic
-follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphoma
\BCR-ABL: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--tyrosine kinase
-CML, ALL
\BRAF: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--serine/threonine kinase
-melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
\c-KIT: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--cytokine receptor
-gastrointestinal stromal tumor
\c-MYC: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--transcription factor
-Burkitt lymphoma
\cancer associated with DPD4/SMAD4 mutation - ANS--pancreatic cancer
\cancers associated with CDKN2A mutation - ANS--melanoma
-pancreatic
\cancers associated with PTEN mutation - ANS--breast
-prostate
-endometrial
\caner associated with DCC mutation - ANS--colon cancer
\carcinoma - ANS-epithelial origin
\chromatolysis - ANS-reaction of neuronal body to axonal injury
-round cellular swelling
-dispersion of nil substance throughout cytoplasm
-displacement of the nucleus to the periphery
\decreased ESR is associated with... - ANS-sickle cell anemia
polycythemia
, HF
microcytosis
hypofibrinogenemia
\defective leukocyte extravasation step in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I -
ANS-tight adhesion (decreased CD-18)
\defective leukocyte extravasation step in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II -
ANS-margination and rolling (decreased sialyl-lewis)
\dialysis-related amyloidosis - ANS-gerbils of B2-microglobulin
may present as carpal tunnel syndrome
\diseases/conditions that involve dystrophic calcification - ANS-TB
liquefactive necrosis
fat necrosis
infarcts
thrombi
schistosomiasis
mockenberg
CMV
psamomma bodies
\dystrophic calcification - ANS--Ca deposition in abnormal tissue
-secondary to injury or necrosis
-patients are normocalcemia
\examples of free radical injury - ANS--retinopathy of prematurity
-acetaminophen overdose
-hemochromatosis
-Wilson disease
\exudate: description, causes - ANS-cellular, thick
increased protein and increased LDH
due to lymphatic obstruction, inflammation, malignancy, etc.
\HER2/neu: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--tyrosine kinase
-breast cancer and gastric carcinomas
\hypertrophic scar - ANS-parallel collagen fibers
stays within wound borders
\increased ESR is associated with... - ANS-infections
inflammation
cancer
renal disease
pregnancy
most anemias
\inflammatory phase of wound healing - ANS-up to three days after wound
clot formation
increased vessel permeability
neutrophil migration into tissue
macrophages clear debris two days later
\irreversible cell injury associations - ANS-mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization
4 steps of leukocyte extravasation - ANS-margination/rolling
tight adhesion
diapedesis
migration
\action of Bcl-2 - ANS-prevents cytochrome c release by binding and inhibiting
APAF-1, which normally induces activation of caspase 9
\age-related amyloidosis - ANS-deposition of transthyretin in cardiac ventricles
\ALK: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--receptor tyrosine kinase
-lung adenocarcinoma
\amyloidosis in Alzheimer's - ANS-B-amyloid protein cleaved from APP
\amyloidosis in diabetes type II - ANS-islet amyloid polypeptide caused by deposition
of amylin in pancreatic islets
\bacterial granulomatous diseases - ANS-mycobacteria
bartonella henselae
listeria
treponema pallidum
\BCL-2: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--anti-apoptotic
-follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphoma
\BCR-ABL: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--tyrosine kinase
-CML, ALL
\BRAF: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--serine/threonine kinase
-melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
\c-KIT: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--cytokine receptor
-gastrointestinal stromal tumor
\c-MYC: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--transcription factor
-Burkitt lymphoma
\cancer associated with DPD4/SMAD4 mutation - ANS--pancreatic cancer
\cancers associated with CDKN2A mutation - ANS--melanoma
-pancreatic
\cancers associated with PTEN mutation - ANS--breast
-prostate
-endometrial
\caner associated with DCC mutation - ANS--colon cancer
\carcinoma - ANS-epithelial origin
\chromatolysis - ANS-reaction of neuronal body to axonal injury
-round cellular swelling
-dispersion of nil substance throughout cytoplasm
-displacement of the nucleus to the periphery
\decreased ESR is associated with... - ANS-sickle cell anemia
polycythemia
, HF
microcytosis
hypofibrinogenemia
\defective leukocyte extravasation step in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I -
ANS-tight adhesion (decreased CD-18)
\defective leukocyte extravasation step in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II -
ANS-margination and rolling (decreased sialyl-lewis)
\dialysis-related amyloidosis - ANS-gerbils of B2-microglobulin
may present as carpal tunnel syndrome
\diseases/conditions that involve dystrophic calcification - ANS-TB
liquefactive necrosis
fat necrosis
infarcts
thrombi
schistosomiasis
mockenberg
CMV
psamomma bodies
\dystrophic calcification - ANS--Ca deposition in abnormal tissue
-secondary to injury or necrosis
-patients are normocalcemia
\examples of free radical injury - ANS--retinopathy of prematurity
-acetaminophen overdose
-hemochromatosis
-Wilson disease
\exudate: description, causes - ANS-cellular, thick
increased protein and increased LDH
due to lymphatic obstruction, inflammation, malignancy, etc.
\HER2/neu: gene product and associated neoplasm - ANS--tyrosine kinase
-breast cancer and gastric carcinomas
\hypertrophic scar - ANS-parallel collagen fibers
stays within wound borders
\increased ESR is associated with... - ANS-infections
inflammation
cancer
renal disease
pregnancy
most anemias
\inflammatory phase of wound healing - ANS-up to three days after wound
clot formation
increased vessel permeability
neutrophil migration into tissue
macrophages clear debris two days later
\irreversible cell injury associations - ANS-mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization
