BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
1. Normal blood gases; pH 7.35-7.45
2. Normal blood gases: CO2 35-45
3. Normal blood 22-26
gases: HcO3
4. Normal blood gases: PO2 80 or above
5. Normal vacuum 120-140 mmHg
pres- sures for
suction?
6. What may a high pressure Pt is biting on the tubing, excessive secretions in the
tubing, kinked
vent alarm indicate? 11. What measures should nurses
take to avoid ET tube problems?
7. What may a low
pressure vent alarm
indicate?
8. How do you verify
po- sitioning of an
endotra- cheal
tube?
9. t/f: people with ET
tubes should be
suctioned rou- tinely
10. what should ET tube
cuff pressure be kept
at?
1/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
bing
tt leak or the tubing is disconnected
somewhere
uscultate lung bases and apices for bilateral
breath sounds
bserve chest for symmetric chest wall
movement
onfirm with end
tidal CO2
measure GOLD
STANDARD:
chest x-ray
LSE-- they should be suctioned on an as
needed basis
-25 mmHg
onfirm that exit mark on ET tube remains
constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
aintain proper cutt inflation (listen for an air
leak-- if pt can talk,
2/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
you must inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status,
and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
12. What should be done STOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
if a patient is not
tolerating ET tube
suctioning?
13. Measures to prevent aspi- -avoid bolus tube feedings
ration? -monitor tube feeding residuals
-maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cutt inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feed-
ing tube is placed below the pylorus
14. what are -manage ventilated patients without sedatives whenever possible
recommenda-
tions for preventing venti- -interrupt sedation once a day (spontaneous breathing
trials)
lator associated cervical spinal cord injuries?
pneumo- nia?
15. What is the biggest
com- plication
associated with high
3/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
-provide early exercise and mobility
-provide regular oral care
-minimize pooling of secretions above
the ET tube cutt
-use ET tubes with subglottic secretion
drainage for patients likely to require
greater than 72 hours of intubation
-keep HOB elevated 30-45 degress
-change ventilator circuit only if
visibly soiled or malfunctioning
BREATHING-- the diaphragm is
innervated by C3-C5 levels
C4-diaphragm
will likely need mechanical ventilation
mgmt
4/
37
1. Normal blood gases; pH 7.35-7.45
2. Normal blood gases: CO2 35-45
3. Normal blood 22-26
gases: HcO3
4. Normal blood gases: PO2 80 or above
5. Normal vacuum 120-140 mmHg
pres- sures for
suction?
6. What may a high pressure Pt is biting on the tubing, excessive secretions in the
tubing, kinked
vent alarm indicate? 11. What measures should nurses
take to avoid ET tube problems?
7. What may a low
pressure vent alarm
indicate?
8. How do you verify
po- sitioning of an
endotra- cheal
tube?
9. t/f: people with ET
tubes should be
suctioned rou- tinely
10. what should ET tube
cuff pressure be kept
at?
1/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
bing
tt leak or the tubing is disconnected
somewhere
uscultate lung bases and apices for bilateral
breath sounds
bserve chest for symmetric chest wall
movement
onfirm with end
tidal CO2
measure GOLD
STANDARD:
chest x-ray
LSE-- they should be suctioned on an as
needed basis
-25 mmHg
onfirm that exit mark on ET tube remains
constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
aintain proper cutt inflation (listen for an air
leak-- if pt can talk,
2/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
you must inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status,
and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
12. What should be done STOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
if a patient is not
tolerating ET tube
suctioning?
13. Measures to prevent aspi- -avoid bolus tube feedings
ration? -monitor tube feeding residuals
-maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cutt inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feed-
ing tube is placed below the pylorus
14. what are -manage ventilated patients without sedatives whenever possible
recommenda-
tions for preventing venti- -interrupt sedation once a day (spontaneous breathing
trials)
lator associated cervical spinal cord injuries?
pneumo- nia?
15. What is the biggest
com- plication
associated with high
3/
37
, BKAT Study Set Latest Update.
-provide early exercise and mobility
-provide regular oral care
-minimize pooling of secretions above
the ET tube cutt
-use ET tubes with subglottic secretion
drainage for patients likely to require
greater than 72 hours of intubation
-keep HOB elevated 30-45 degress
-change ventilator circuit only if
visibly soiled or malfunctioning
BREATHING-- the diaphragm is
innervated by C3-C5 levels
C4-diaphragm
will likely need mechanical ventilation
mgmt
4/
37
