USMLE Step I IUHS Pathology (9/8/13)
1.pulmonic stenosis
2.Ventricular defect
3.Overidding aorta
4.Right ventricular hypertrophy - ANS-Tetrology of Fallot
\1.retrosternal chest pain
2.sweating and mild dyspnea
3.Nitroglycerin given and pain decreases significantly
4.episodes of pain over last 12 hrs which resolve spontaneously
Ultrastructural change that would indicate irreversible myocardial cell injury: -
ANS-Mitochondrial vacuolization
\ADH - ANS-made by hypothalamus
\Aldosterone - ANS-produced by glomerulosa cells in the adrenal cortex
\Atherosclerotic plaques develop predominantly - ANS-in large elastic arteries such
as the aorta, the carotid and the iliac
Coarctation of the aorta - ANS-aorta narrows in the area where the ductus arteriosus
inserts
Coarctation of the aorta - ANS-Turner's syndrome
\Cystic medial necrosis of the aorta - ANS-Marfan syndrome
\disaggregation of granular and fibrillar elements of the nucleus - ANS-is associated
with reversal cell injury
\disaggregation of polysomes - ANS-denotes te dissociation of rRNA and mRNA in
reversable ischemic /hypoxic injury
\Endocardial cushion defects(ostium, primum ASD, regurgitant AV valves) -
ANS-Down's Syndrome
\Glycogen loss - ANS-is an early and reversible cellular response to injury
\Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - ANS-Friedrich's ataxia
\Indicates irreversible myocardial cell injury - ANS-Mitochondrial Vacuolization
\Initially cause Left to right shunting without cyanosis - ANS-1.Atrial septal defect
2.Ventral septal defect
3. Patent ductus arteriosus
\Mitochondrial vacuolization are when: - ANS-the appearance of vacuoles and
phospholipid-containing amorphous densities within the mitochondria
\Mitochondrial Vacuolization occurs when: - ANS-the mitochondria are injured
irreversibly and the cell is unable to recover
\Myofibril relaxation - ANS-is an early sign or f reversible injury in cardiac myocytes
occurs within the first 30 minutes of severe ischemia
\Non cyanotic - ANS-coartation of the aorta
\PTH - ANS-...
\recurrent episodes of dyspnea and turning blue
responds by assuming squatting position - ANS-Tetralogy of Fallot
1.pulmonic stenosis
2.Ventricular defect
3.Overidding aorta
4.Right ventricular hypertrophy - ANS-Tetrology of Fallot
\1.retrosternal chest pain
2.sweating and mild dyspnea
3.Nitroglycerin given and pain decreases significantly
4.episodes of pain over last 12 hrs which resolve spontaneously
Ultrastructural change that would indicate irreversible myocardial cell injury: -
ANS-Mitochondrial vacuolization
\ADH - ANS-made by hypothalamus
\Aldosterone - ANS-produced by glomerulosa cells in the adrenal cortex
\Atherosclerotic plaques develop predominantly - ANS-in large elastic arteries such
as the aorta, the carotid and the iliac
Coarctation of the aorta - ANS-aorta narrows in the area where the ductus arteriosus
inserts
Coarctation of the aorta - ANS-Turner's syndrome
\Cystic medial necrosis of the aorta - ANS-Marfan syndrome
\disaggregation of granular and fibrillar elements of the nucleus - ANS-is associated
with reversal cell injury
\disaggregation of polysomes - ANS-denotes te dissociation of rRNA and mRNA in
reversable ischemic /hypoxic injury
\Endocardial cushion defects(ostium, primum ASD, regurgitant AV valves) -
ANS-Down's Syndrome
\Glycogen loss - ANS-is an early and reversible cellular response to injury
\Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - ANS-Friedrich's ataxia
\Indicates irreversible myocardial cell injury - ANS-Mitochondrial Vacuolization
\Initially cause Left to right shunting without cyanosis - ANS-1.Atrial septal defect
2.Ventral septal defect
3. Patent ductus arteriosus
\Mitochondrial vacuolization are when: - ANS-the appearance of vacuoles and
phospholipid-containing amorphous densities within the mitochondria
\Mitochondrial Vacuolization occurs when: - ANS-the mitochondria are injured
irreversibly and the cell is unable to recover
\Myofibril relaxation - ANS-is an early sign or f reversible injury in cardiac myocytes
occurs within the first 30 minutes of severe ischemia
\Non cyanotic - ANS-coartation of the aorta
\PTH - ANS-...
\recurrent episodes of dyspnea and turning blue
responds by assuming squatting position - ANS-Tetralogy of Fallot
