NAS 2 CHALLENGE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE ACCURATE 100%
Levels of Organization: - ANSWER chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system,
organismal
Survival Needs - ANSWER nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature,
atmospheric pressure
Requirements for Life - ANSWER maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
Homeostasis - ANSWER ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even
though the outside world changes continuously
Basic Mechanisms - ANSWER receptor, control center, effector
Negative Feedback Mechanisms - ANSWER most common homeostasis control
mechanism; the net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces the intensity
Polymer - ANSWER chainlike molecules consisting of many repeated units
Carbohydrates - ANSWER easily used energy source for the body
Lipids - ANSWER insulate body organs, build cell membranes, and provide stored
energy
Substrate - ANSWER reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to
proceed
Enzymes - ANSWER creates catalytic activity with substrate at active site
Cell Theory - ANSWER - basic unit of living organisms
- activity of an organism depends on both the individual and the combined activities of
its cells
- the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shapes, and by the relative
number of the sub cellular structures they contain
- cells can only arise from other cells
Cell Cycle - ANSWER Interphase (G1, S, G2), the mitotic phase (prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis
GUIDE ACCURATE 100%
Levels of Organization: - ANSWER chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system,
organismal
Survival Needs - ANSWER nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature,
atmospheric pressure
Requirements for Life - ANSWER maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
Homeostasis - ANSWER ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even
though the outside world changes continuously
Basic Mechanisms - ANSWER receptor, control center, effector
Negative Feedback Mechanisms - ANSWER most common homeostasis control
mechanism; the net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces the intensity
Polymer - ANSWER chainlike molecules consisting of many repeated units
Carbohydrates - ANSWER easily used energy source for the body
Lipids - ANSWER insulate body organs, build cell membranes, and provide stored
energy
Substrate - ANSWER reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to
proceed
Enzymes - ANSWER creates catalytic activity with substrate at active site
Cell Theory - ANSWER - basic unit of living organisms
- activity of an organism depends on both the individual and the combined activities of
its cells
- the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shapes, and by the relative
number of the sub cellular structures they contain
- cells can only arise from other cells
Cell Cycle - ANSWER Interphase (G1, S, G2), the mitotic phase (prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis
