N322 Pharm Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Organic nitrates (Nitroglycerin) - mechanism of action,
indication for use, dosage forms available (what they are, how
they would be administered, differences in onset/peak/and
duration), adverse effects, priorities in nursing assessment pre
and post-administration. Parameters to hold, expected adverse
effects, transdermal nitroglycerin education, sublingual
nitroglycerin education, the advantage of the patch
used for acute angina, prophylaxis, long-term Tx of angina
=MoA - vasodilation/relaxes smooth muscles in blood vessels
=Doses - IV Drip: last 3-5 min, immediate onset & peak (need
to be in ICU and cardiac monitor, auto BP); Sublingual: rapid
onset 1-3 min, duration of 25 min; Oral tablets: sustained
release, onset 60 minutes, duration of 4-8 hours (SWALLOW
WHOLE); Transdermal patch: onset 30 min, duration of 10-12
hours (LASTS LONGEST), remove old patch before putting
new one on
=ADV effects - hemodynamic changes, HEADACHE,
dizziness, syncope, hypotension/orthostatic hypotension
=Assess - hold if SBP< 90 &/or HR>100
=Client Ed - avoid alcohol and OTC decongestants/diet pills
Beta-adrenergic blockers - indication for use, mechanism of
action, nursing considerations pre and post administrations,
assessment for therapeutic effects
, PROTO: atenolol CAD
=MoA - ↓cardiac workload by slowing heart rate, ↓BP, &
reducing contractility
=Considerations - check vitals, hold HR<60 &/or SBP<90, slow
IV push 2.5 min, telemetry, assess for bronchoconstriction
Dopamine - mechanism of action, therapeutic effects
used for hypotension and shock
=MoA - Low Doses: ↑renal blood flow and urine output; High
Doses; ↑heart rate, myocardial contractility, and BP
=Therapeutic effect - LD: ↑urine output, HD: stimulate beta
receptors and ↑HR, myocardial contractility, and BP
Dobutamine-therapeutic effects, adverse effects, what will the
nurse monitor
Therapeutic effect - used to ↑cardiac output when there is NO
NEED FOR BP SUPPORT
=Adverse effect - tachydisrhythmias, anginal pain
=Monitor BP, pulse, cardiac rhythm, telemetry leads in place
Drugs used for hypotension and shock - indications for use,
assessing for therapeutic effects, assessing for adverse effects
Beta I Adrenergics (↑force of contraction, ↑HR, ↑speed of
conduction), Beta II Adrenergics (Bronchodilation &
Vasodilation), & Alpha Adrenergics (Vasoconstriction)
Norepinephrine (prototype), dobutamine, dopamine, epineph
rine, phenylephrine
Organic nitrates (Nitroglycerin) - mechanism of action,
indication for use, dosage forms available (what they are, how
they would be administered, differences in onset/peak/and
duration), adverse effects, priorities in nursing assessment pre
and post-administration. Parameters to hold, expected adverse
effects, transdermal nitroglycerin education, sublingual
nitroglycerin education, the advantage of the patch
used for acute angina, prophylaxis, long-term Tx of angina
=MoA - vasodilation/relaxes smooth muscles in blood vessels
=Doses - IV Drip: last 3-5 min, immediate onset & peak (need
to be in ICU and cardiac monitor, auto BP); Sublingual: rapid
onset 1-3 min, duration of 25 min; Oral tablets: sustained
release, onset 60 minutes, duration of 4-8 hours (SWALLOW
WHOLE); Transdermal patch: onset 30 min, duration of 10-12
hours (LASTS LONGEST), remove old patch before putting
new one on
=ADV effects - hemodynamic changes, HEADACHE,
dizziness, syncope, hypotension/orthostatic hypotension
=Assess - hold if SBP< 90 &/or HR>100
=Client Ed - avoid alcohol and OTC decongestants/diet pills
Beta-adrenergic blockers - indication for use, mechanism of
action, nursing considerations pre and post administrations,
assessment for therapeutic effects
, PROTO: atenolol CAD
=MoA - ↓cardiac workload by slowing heart rate, ↓BP, &
reducing contractility
=Considerations - check vitals, hold HR<60 &/or SBP<90, slow
IV push 2.5 min, telemetry, assess for bronchoconstriction
Dopamine - mechanism of action, therapeutic effects
used for hypotension and shock
=MoA - Low Doses: ↑renal blood flow and urine output; High
Doses; ↑heart rate, myocardial contractility, and BP
=Therapeutic effect - LD: ↑urine output, HD: stimulate beta
receptors and ↑HR, myocardial contractility, and BP
Dobutamine-therapeutic effects, adverse effects, what will the
nurse monitor
Therapeutic effect - used to ↑cardiac output when there is NO
NEED FOR BP SUPPORT
=Adverse effect - tachydisrhythmias, anginal pain
=Monitor BP, pulse, cardiac rhythm, telemetry leads in place
Drugs used for hypotension and shock - indications for use,
assessing for therapeutic effects, assessing for adverse effects
Beta I Adrenergics (↑force of contraction, ↑HR, ↑speed of
conduction), Beta II Adrenergics (Bronchodilation &
Vasodilation), & Alpha Adrenergics (Vasoconstriction)
Norepinephrine (prototype), dobutamine, dopamine, epineph
rine, phenylephrine
