PCB 4674: EVOLUTION EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
ALL PASSED SOLUTIONS
/. All living organisms on Earth are related through - Answer-Common Ancestry
/.Five-year voyage around the world. This ship sailed from England, around the tip of
South America, to the Galápagos Islands, around the southern coast of Australia and
Africa, and back to England. During this journey, Darwin collected thousands of
samples: plants, animals, fossils, and rocks. He made careful and important
observations about the organisms he encountered. - Answer-HMS Beagle
/.Darwin surmised that birds with certain physical features, those that allowed them to
eat certain foods in their environment, survived and reproduced. Through reproduction,
they could pass on these physical features to their offspring, thus increasing the
frequency of these features in the overall population of birds. In different environments,
different physical features would be favored and would be "selected." - Answer-Natural
Selection
/.Driver of evolution called natural selection. Darwin refereed to it as - Answer-Descent
With Modification
/.The 13 different finch species that currently live on the Galápagos is a kind of rapid
and prolific speciation known as an _______ _______. An evolutionary pattern in which
many species evolve from a single ancestral species. - Answer-Adaptive Radiation
/.Common scientific views before Darwin - Answer-The earth is young, species divinely
created, and species are unchangable
/.Emerging scientific views before Darwin - Answer-The earth is old, the earth's surface,
plants, and anaimals havechanged over time
/.Study of Earth - Answer-Geology
/.Study of Fossils - Answer-Palentology
/.Study of classification and relationships of organisms - Answer-Taxonomy &
Systematics
/.Study of populations - Answer-Demography
/.Study of organisms and their changes over time - Answer-Evolutionary biology
/.How old is the earth - Answer-4.6 Billion Years
,/.Scottish geologist who lived in the 18th century and who recognized that wind and rain
caused erosion and formed sand, small rocks, and soil. Discovered the strata and
uniformitarianism. - Answer-James Hutton
/.Particles could then be redeposited and form the layered pattern of rock we call -
Answer-Strata
/.Hutton's ideas of geological strata and time depth rely on the assumption that the
processes that occur today are the same ones that have occurred in the past. This is
known as ____________, an idea that is widely accepted in all scientific fields today. -
Answer-Uniformitarianism
/.Hutton's ideas were soon tested by the great geologist _______ ______ , who
confirmed that it would take millions, not thousands, of years for Earth's geological
strata to form. Who lived in the late 18th, early 19th centuries. - Answer-Charles Lyell
/.He invented the microscope and examined fossil wood under his new device. He
noted that the cellular structure of the fossil wood was the same as the wood that exists
today. He lived in the 17th century. - Answer-Robert Hooke
/.He proposed that fossils were from organisms that no longer existed. He also
discovered that different fossils could be found in different geological strata. He also
proposed that different layers of strata represent groups of organisms that had been
wiped out in a series of catastrophic events. He lived in the 18th/19th century. - Answer-
Georges Cuvier
/.Cuvier proposed evolution happened catastrophically, others proposed it happened
slowly and gradually. Although many lineage extinctions are not dramatic, there is
growing evidence that there have been ______ _______ events. - Answer-Mass
Extinction
/.One mass extinction event happened 65 million years ago; it marks the end of the
dinosaurs and the beginning of the reign of ______. - Answer-Mammals
/.In 1991, researchers discovered a massive crater, partially underwater, on the
________ _____________ in modern-day Mexico. It has been dated to about 65 million
years and preserves a high concentration of iridium, an element that is exceptionally
rare on Earth but common in meteors and comets. A comet or meteor, roughly 6 miles
wide, struck Earth 65 million years ago, with the force of 100 million megatons. To put
this in perspective, the current arsenal of nuclear weapons stockpiled by the United
States military is 1,400 megatons. This means we would need to set off our entire
nuclear arsenal 70,000 times in a row to equal the force of this impact. This was a
catastrophic event; it is remarkable that anything survived. - Answer-Yucatán Peninsula
, /.Prior to Cuvier's work on fossils, the great Swedish naturalist ________ ________
devised a system for naming and classifying all living organisms. His system is still used
today, and allows scientists from all over the world, speaking different languages, to
understand one another. Lived in 18th century. He proposed that each species should
receive a unique name composed of a genus and a species. - Answer-Carolus
Linnaeus
/.Genus/Species of Humans, Chimpanzees, Boa constrictor, and Gorilla: - Answer-
Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Boa constrictor, Gorilla, gorilla
/.Linnaeus also devised a ___________ __________ scheme in which all living
organisms could be placed within a kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and,
finally, species. The Linnaean system of classification reveals that living organisms,
including humans, are clustered in distinct ways- ways that could only be explained if
these living organisms shared a common ancestor. - Answer-Hierarchical Classification
/.Humans are the only living species in the genus - Answer-Homo
/.We are members of the family ________ and the superfamily hominoidea. However,
we are not alone in this superfamily. Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons
are also in the superfamily hominoidea. They are in this superfamily because they share
features with us like large brains, mobile shoulders, and an upright posture. These other
animals reside in our superfamily because we share a common ancestor with them. -
Answer-Hominidae
/.Thomas Malthus, an economist, wrote An Essay on the __________ ___ _________,
a book that laid the foundation for many of Darwin's ideas. Malthus observed that
humans often have more than two offspring. If parents (two people) continued to have
more than two children, then the population of humans would grow. In fact, Malthus
argued that the growth could be exponential, resulting in billions and billions of humans
in a short period of time. - Answer-Principle of Population
/.Malthus stated that populations are limited by their resources. Therefore, there is a
_________ ___ ______, with only certain individuals surviving and reproducing. Notice
how this observation by Malthus, combined with Darwin's recognition that there is
considerable variation in a population, forms the basis for natural selection. - Answer-
Struggle For Existence
/.The idea that living organisms have changed over time was already around by the time
Darwin came along. Most notably, the French scientist ________ ____________
_________ argued that plants and animals had changed over time, or evolved. He
proposed the mechanism of evolution known as "Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics" his mechanism was wrong! - Answer-Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
/.Giraffes once had a short-necked ancestor. In order to reach higher and higher
branches, giraffes stretch their necks. Adult giraffes who have stretched out their necks
ALL PASSED SOLUTIONS
/. All living organisms on Earth are related through - Answer-Common Ancestry
/.Five-year voyage around the world. This ship sailed from England, around the tip of
South America, to the Galápagos Islands, around the southern coast of Australia and
Africa, and back to England. During this journey, Darwin collected thousands of
samples: plants, animals, fossils, and rocks. He made careful and important
observations about the organisms he encountered. - Answer-HMS Beagle
/.Darwin surmised that birds with certain physical features, those that allowed them to
eat certain foods in their environment, survived and reproduced. Through reproduction,
they could pass on these physical features to their offspring, thus increasing the
frequency of these features in the overall population of birds. In different environments,
different physical features would be favored and would be "selected." - Answer-Natural
Selection
/.Driver of evolution called natural selection. Darwin refereed to it as - Answer-Descent
With Modification
/.The 13 different finch species that currently live on the Galápagos is a kind of rapid
and prolific speciation known as an _______ _______. An evolutionary pattern in which
many species evolve from a single ancestral species. - Answer-Adaptive Radiation
/.Common scientific views before Darwin - Answer-The earth is young, species divinely
created, and species are unchangable
/.Emerging scientific views before Darwin - Answer-The earth is old, the earth's surface,
plants, and anaimals havechanged over time
/.Study of Earth - Answer-Geology
/.Study of Fossils - Answer-Palentology
/.Study of classification and relationships of organisms - Answer-Taxonomy &
Systematics
/.Study of populations - Answer-Demography
/.Study of organisms and their changes over time - Answer-Evolutionary biology
/.How old is the earth - Answer-4.6 Billion Years
,/.Scottish geologist who lived in the 18th century and who recognized that wind and rain
caused erosion and formed sand, small rocks, and soil. Discovered the strata and
uniformitarianism. - Answer-James Hutton
/.Particles could then be redeposited and form the layered pattern of rock we call -
Answer-Strata
/.Hutton's ideas of geological strata and time depth rely on the assumption that the
processes that occur today are the same ones that have occurred in the past. This is
known as ____________, an idea that is widely accepted in all scientific fields today. -
Answer-Uniformitarianism
/.Hutton's ideas were soon tested by the great geologist _______ ______ , who
confirmed that it would take millions, not thousands, of years for Earth's geological
strata to form. Who lived in the late 18th, early 19th centuries. - Answer-Charles Lyell
/.He invented the microscope and examined fossil wood under his new device. He
noted that the cellular structure of the fossil wood was the same as the wood that exists
today. He lived in the 17th century. - Answer-Robert Hooke
/.He proposed that fossils were from organisms that no longer existed. He also
discovered that different fossils could be found in different geological strata. He also
proposed that different layers of strata represent groups of organisms that had been
wiped out in a series of catastrophic events. He lived in the 18th/19th century. - Answer-
Georges Cuvier
/.Cuvier proposed evolution happened catastrophically, others proposed it happened
slowly and gradually. Although many lineage extinctions are not dramatic, there is
growing evidence that there have been ______ _______ events. - Answer-Mass
Extinction
/.One mass extinction event happened 65 million years ago; it marks the end of the
dinosaurs and the beginning of the reign of ______. - Answer-Mammals
/.In 1991, researchers discovered a massive crater, partially underwater, on the
________ _____________ in modern-day Mexico. It has been dated to about 65 million
years and preserves a high concentration of iridium, an element that is exceptionally
rare on Earth but common in meteors and comets. A comet or meteor, roughly 6 miles
wide, struck Earth 65 million years ago, with the force of 100 million megatons. To put
this in perspective, the current arsenal of nuclear weapons stockpiled by the United
States military is 1,400 megatons. This means we would need to set off our entire
nuclear arsenal 70,000 times in a row to equal the force of this impact. This was a
catastrophic event; it is remarkable that anything survived. - Answer-Yucatán Peninsula
, /.Prior to Cuvier's work on fossils, the great Swedish naturalist ________ ________
devised a system for naming and classifying all living organisms. His system is still used
today, and allows scientists from all over the world, speaking different languages, to
understand one another. Lived in 18th century. He proposed that each species should
receive a unique name composed of a genus and a species. - Answer-Carolus
Linnaeus
/.Genus/Species of Humans, Chimpanzees, Boa constrictor, and Gorilla: - Answer-
Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Boa constrictor, Gorilla, gorilla
/.Linnaeus also devised a ___________ __________ scheme in which all living
organisms could be placed within a kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and,
finally, species. The Linnaean system of classification reveals that living organisms,
including humans, are clustered in distinct ways- ways that could only be explained if
these living organisms shared a common ancestor. - Answer-Hierarchical Classification
/.Humans are the only living species in the genus - Answer-Homo
/.We are members of the family ________ and the superfamily hominoidea. However,
we are not alone in this superfamily. Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons
are also in the superfamily hominoidea. They are in this superfamily because they share
features with us like large brains, mobile shoulders, and an upright posture. These other
animals reside in our superfamily because we share a common ancestor with them. -
Answer-Hominidae
/.Thomas Malthus, an economist, wrote An Essay on the __________ ___ _________,
a book that laid the foundation for many of Darwin's ideas. Malthus observed that
humans often have more than two offspring. If parents (two people) continued to have
more than two children, then the population of humans would grow. In fact, Malthus
argued that the growth could be exponential, resulting in billions and billions of humans
in a short period of time. - Answer-Principle of Population
/.Malthus stated that populations are limited by their resources. Therefore, there is a
_________ ___ ______, with only certain individuals surviving and reproducing. Notice
how this observation by Malthus, combined with Darwin's recognition that there is
considerable variation in a population, forms the basis for natural selection. - Answer-
Struggle For Existence
/.The idea that living organisms have changed over time was already around by the time
Darwin came along. Most notably, the French scientist ________ ____________
_________ argued that plants and animals had changed over time, or evolved. He
proposed the mechanism of evolution known as "Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics" his mechanism was wrong! - Answer-Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
/.Giraffes once had a short-necked ancestor. In order to reach higher and higher
branches, giraffes stretch their necks. Adult giraffes who have stretched out their necks
