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HESI EXIT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2025/2026; COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Inflammation - correct-answer-Vasodilation (Drop in BP)
Increased Vascular permeability & leaky capillaries
WBC adhesion & diapedesis
Signs of Inflammation - correct-answer-Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Interleukins - correct-answer-Produced by macrophages & lymphocytes
Enhances the adaptive immune response
Interferons - correct-answer-Proteins that primarily protect against viral infection
and modulate inflammation (does not kill viruses, protects cells from being
infected)
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TNF-alpha effects - correct-answer-Fever
Increases proinflammatory proteins by the liver
Cachexia (muscle wasting)
Shock with gram (-) bacteria
Systemic Signs of inflammation - correct-answer-Fever
Leukocytosis
Plasma protein synthesis
Chronic Inflammation - correct-answer-Increased lymphocyte and macrophage
Lasts longer than 2 weeks
Presence of giant cells
Regeneration - correct-answer-complete return to normal structure and function
Resolution - correct-answer-returns injured tissues to an approximation of their
original structure
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Repair - correct-answer-replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue, not as
strong as original tissue
Dehiscence - correct-answer-when an approximated wound pulls apart at the
suture line
Primary Intention (1st intention) - correct-answer-Wound edges are approximated
until healing occurs
Secondary Intention - correct-answer-Occurs when wounds that have tissue loss
and require gradual filling in of dead space with connective tissue. Wounds left
open
Third (tertiary) - correct-answer-Wounds left open intentionally to remove debris
and then approximated
Contracture - correct-answer-Proper Positioning and Range of Motion exercises to
prevent. Burn wounds especially susceptible.
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Antigens vs Immunogens - correct-answer-Antigens: react with antibodies or
antigen receptors
Immunogens: produce immune response and antibodies
IgG - correct-answer-Most abundant
Protective against infection
IgA - correct-answer-Found predominantly in blood
Found in normal body secretions, mucus membranes
IgM - correct-answer-First antibody produced during initial or primary response
IgE - correct-answer-Common in allergic responses
Defense against parasites
Anaphylaxis - correct-answer-Pruritus
HESI EXIT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2025/2026; COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Inflammation - correct-answer-Vasodilation (Drop in BP)
Increased Vascular permeability & leaky capillaries
WBC adhesion & diapedesis
Signs of Inflammation - correct-answer-Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Interleukins - correct-answer-Produced by macrophages & lymphocytes
Enhances the adaptive immune response
Interferons - correct-answer-Proteins that primarily protect against viral infection
and modulate inflammation (does not kill viruses, protects cells from being
infected)
,2|Page
TNF-alpha effects - correct-answer-Fever
Increases proinflammatory proteins by the liver
Cachexia (muscle wasting)
Shock with gram (-) bacteria
Systemic Signs of inflammation - correct-answer-Fever
Leukocytosis
Plasma protein synthesis
Chronic Inflammation - correct-answer-Increased lymphocyte and macrophage
Lasts longer than 2 weeks
Presence of giant cells
Regeneration - correct-answer-complete return to normal structure and function
Resolution - correct-answer-returns injured tissues to an approximation of their
original structure
,3|Page
Repair - correct-answer-replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue, not as
strong as original tissue
Dehiscence - correct-answer-when an approximated wound pulls apart at the
suture line
Primary Intention (1st intention) - correct-answer-Wound edges are approximated
until healing occurs
Secondary Intention - correct-answer-Occurs when wounds that have tissue loss
and require gradual filling in of dead space with connective tissue. Wounds left
open
Third (tertiary) - correct-answer-Wounds left open intentionally to remove debris
and then approximated
Contracture - correct-answer-Proper Positioning and Range of Motion exercises to
prevent. Burn wounds especially susceptible.
, 4|Page
Antigens vs Immunogens - correct-answer-Antigens: react with antibodies or
antigen receptors
Immunogens: produce immune response and antibodies
IgG - correct-answer-Most abundant
Protective against infection
IgA - correct-answer-Found predominantly in blood
Found in normal body secretions, mucus membranes
IgM - correct-answer-First antibody produced during initial or primary response
IgE - correct-answer-Common in allergic responses
Defense against parasites
Anaphylaxis - correct-answer-Pruritus
