A universal goal to improve patient safety is the use of - surgical pause. This is one of the main goals of The Joint Commission International center for Patient Safety. When setting up relational databases, the primary key refers to a field or set of

A universal goal to improve patient safety is the use of - surgical pause. This is one of the main goals of The Joint Commission International center for Patient Safety. When setting up relational databases, the primary key refers to a field or set of fields that - uniquely identifies each record stored in the table. Technology assessment within a project is used to: - consider the effect of technology when it is introduced, extended, or modified. MUMPS or M - traditional database model of healthcare (similar to NoSQL) - hierarchical database MUMPS advantage - Elastic horizontal scaling across multiple low-cost commodity servers. Designed to support Big Data quantities of data beyond the capabilities of RDBMS with extremely high performance. Extremely simple to administer requiring essentially no DBAs. Very low cost resulting from commodity hardware and open source code. Flexible data modeling able to easily duplicate the features of RDBMS, key value, columnar, document, and graph architectures. Readily supports advanced analytics and BI with SQL. Full ACID for OLTP Object-oriented databases - An object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) provides a fast way to access images and sound information and can understand multiple programming languages. hypermedia databases - access to objects, video and audio files. distributed database - allows for space to be added so the database can grow and remain working if one of its contributing databases stops working master patient index (MPI) - identify the patient's records with numbers that all people who access the database use Evidence-based medicine, or EBM - a collaborative database of conclusions based on patient cases that can be used as a source for healthcare providers. Systems related to healthcare are divided into 3 groups, which are? - mechanical systems, human systems, and man-machine systems Mechanical systems - systems necessary for a healthcare organization to function mechanically, including the capability of maintaining the physical environments of the organization human system - system relating to people, including patients and physicians and their relationships. Man-machine systems - systems that are used to aid a person in the healthcare process. Define a healthcare system - 1. A system is something that has oneness and can be described based on its unique characteristics. A system will be its own entity and elicit a precise description. 2. A system contains interwoven parts that are numerous and rely on each other for the system to function. A healthcare system will have many levels and each level can be broken down into smaller levels. 3. A system will change when necessary and resist deterioration when system upgrades are necessary. 4. A system must be able to react to defined situations and to situations that are not defined. It must be adaptable to human needs. 5. The system must be able to receive information, process the information and provide a response to the information. 6. The system has to be able to adjust itself to the response or output it provides, a process that is referred to as feedback. 7. An open system can be affected by external sources while a closed system is self-contained and cannot be affected by outside sources. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) - physicians that see patients within a specific insurance plan for a prearranged price set between the insurance company and HMO preferred provider organization (PPO) - physician who provides medical services for a lower cost to a predefined group of people What type of software is used in the healthcare industry to evaluate costs and track patient care? - Spreadsheets What software is used to analyze input from user by applying statistical methods to the data? - Statistical software What software is used to allow users to create access and manipulate variety of databases, or collection of information? - Database management software What software is used to create image of information that needs to be analyzed so users can experiment with the data without changing the original data? - Simulation software Mobile computing - type of technology that can be used to access and manipulate data away from an internet connection. A laptop or other mobile device is used, but the information the user needs to access must be transferred to the mobile computer from the main computer before the information can be altered. Electronic data interchange, or EDI - information sent back and forth between terminals without a person involved in the exchange Terminal-Host System - centralized system that uses a main computer to process information and perform all computing tasks. What is the most common way in which the healthcare industry protects private information? - Password clinical data repository (CDR) - The healthcare industry uses a clinical data repository (CDR) to maintain patient's records. These records include when they seek healthcare, their financial status with the medical facility, the conclusion of tests performed on the patient, and surgical procedures pertaining to the heart. The four reasons why a healthcare organization should develop strategies regarding the use of information technology - 1. ensure the information technology is best used to meet an organization's standards 2. make sure the computer systems are being used at their optimum value 3. manipulate the computer systems technologically to meet the unique goals of the organization 4. determine how much money will be spent on the computer systems Passive CDSS systems - organize the information in a functional and orderly fashion so the doctor can easily analyze the patient's information active CDSS - known medical information is stored in the active CDSS so the computer can analyze patient's problems and apply known medical treatments to give the doctor some suggestions for how best to treat the patient What is the primary reason that healthcare organizations use financial information system? - Government regulations. Financial information systems are important to the healthcare industry because the industry is subject to government oversight and there are many providers offering the same type of services, which creates a competitive environment. Financial information systems have the ability to track costs and produce reports so management can make sound financial decisions What is the purpose of executive information systems? - Ensure proper functioning of a healthcare organization, monitor how all areas of an organization are functioning and provides upper management a way to retrieve the data as a whole or in smaller pieces to be analyzed Human resources information systems - indicate how the employees are functioning, including the rate at which they are leaving the company or getting terminated, and the level of happiness they have with their jobs. Computerized resource utilization systems - minimize costs and ensure that resources are used accurately and efficiently Scheduling systems - having healthcare providers with time to perform