EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 2025
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metastatic calcification - ANSWER-accumulation of Ca in
normal tissue result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism,
hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can also r/t
hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
urate accumulation - ANSWER-sodium urate crystals are
deposited in tissues- group of disorders collectively called
gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus, nephritis
Coagulative Necrosis - ANSWER-kidneys, heart, adrenals-
secondary to
hypoxia
Liquefactive Necrosis - ANSWER-nerve cells- brain-
accumulation of pus
Caseous Necrosis - ANSWER-lung disease- usually TB-
tissue looks like
,clumped
cheese
Fat Necrosis - ANSWER-breast, pancreas, abdominal
structures- creates soaps
Gangrenous Necrosis - ANSWER-Dry- dark shriveled skin
Wet- internal organs- can lead
to death
Gas- from clostridium- antitoxins and
hyperbaric therapy
Mechanisms of ca metastasis - ANSWER-Local invasion,
followed by invasion of surrounding tissues. Cells then may
invade blood and lymphatic vessels. They must survive in
circulation, then enter and survive in a new location. Then the
cells can multiply and form a new tumor.
TNM staging system - ANSWER-T= tumor size >/= correlates
with metastatic
ability
N= whether lymph nodes are
involved
M= extra nodal involvement (liver,
lungs)
, Intravascular fluid compartment - ANSWER-In venous system-
20%
Osmolality - ANSWER-The measure of solute
concentration in a fluid.
280-295
mOsm
Interstitial fluid compartment - ANSWER-Surrounds the cells
and bathes them
in nutrients-
20%
Intracellular fluid compartment - ANSWER-Within the cells- 40%
uk
Osmosis - ANSWER-Passive- the movement of water from
an area of low
concentration of solute to one of higher
concentration
Osmotic pressure - ANSWER-Pulling- the amount of pressure
or force that is