EDKP 206 - Biomechanics DONT
USE?!
define position of body in space - answers✔✔Global coordinate system
defines how limbs/body segments articulate about joints - answers✔✔Local (anatomic) coordinate
system
all points on an object move the same distance - answers✔✔Translation
one point on the object (COR) remain stationary - answers✔✔Rotation
moving forward/backward - answers✔✔Surge
moving up/down - answers✔✔Heave
moving left/right - answers✔✔Sway
tilting side to side - answers✔✔Roll
tilting forward and backward - answers✔✔Pitch
turning left/right - answers✔✔Yaw
An object remains at rest (or continues moving at a constant velocity) unless acted upon by an
unbalanced external force - answers✔✔Newtons First Law
,If there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, it produces an acceleration in the direction of the
force, directly proportional to the force (F=ma) - answers✔✔Newtons Second Law
For every action (force) there is a reaction (opposing force) of equal magnitude but in the opposite
direction - answers✔✔Newtons Third Law
forces are on different sides of the COR (fulcrum) - answers✔✔1st class
forces are on the same side of the COR and the external force is closer to the COR than the muscle force
- answers✔✔2nd class
forces are on the same side of the COR and the muscle force is closer to the COR than the external force
- answers✔✔3rd class
Force applied to deform a structure (σ = F/A) - answers✔✔Stress
Resulting deformation of a material from a force (perpendicular or parallel) (ε = ΔL/L) -
answers✔✔Strain
material returns to original length when load (Applied force) is removed) - answers✔✔Elastic (linear)
region
structure does not return to original length when load is removed - answers✔✔Plastic (yield) region
fracture or breaking point - answers✔✔Failure point
stiffer, undergoes less strain - answers✔✔High Young's modulus
Is the ratio between a materials transverse (lateral) and longitudinal (axial) strain when it is stretched -
answers✔✔Poisson's Ratio
, measure of how fracture resistant a material is if a small crack or flaw already exists -
answers✔✔Fracture toughness
occurs when a material is loaded and unloaded repeatedly and the maximum loads are below the
ultimate tensile strength (UTS - maxim stress a material can withstand while being stretched/pulled
before breaking) - answers✔✔Fatigue fracture
the stress below which the material will never fail in fatigue - answers✔✔Fatigue limit
number of loading cycles a material can withstand at a given stress level - answers✔✔Fatigue life
Materials that have time dependent behaviour due to a fluid like component (material to some extent
both behaves like a liquid and a solid material and that it has a time-dependent strain.) -
answers✔✔Viscoelastic
the reduction of stress within a material over time as the material is subject to constant deformation -
answers✔✔Stress relaxation
the continued deformation of material over time as the material is subject to a constant load -
answers✔✔Creep
load is applied perpendicularly to the neutral axis, causing the member to deflect. - answers✔✔Bending
occurs when a
under axial compression loads, where the member suddenly changes shape once a critical load is
reached. - answers✔✔Buckling occurs
Organic material found in all the body's connective tissue (90% of bones organic content) -
answers✔✔Collagen
USE?!
define position of body in space - answers✔✔Global coordinate system
defines how limbs/body segments articulate about joints - answers✔✔Local (anatomic) coordinate
system
all points on an object move the same distance - answers✔✔Translation
one point on the object (COR) remain stationary - answers✔✔Rotation
moving forward/backward - answers✔✔Surge
moving up/down - answers✔✔Heave
moving left/right - answers✔✔Sway
tilting side to side - answers✔✔Roll
tilting forward and backward - answers✔✔Pitch
turning left/right - answers✔✔Yaw
An object remains at rest (or continues moving at a constant velocity) unless acted upon by an
unbalanced external force - answers✔✔Newtons First Law
,If there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, it produces an acceleration in the direction of the
force, directly proportional to the force (F=ma) - answers✔✔Newtons Second Law
For every action (force) there is a reaction (opposing force) of equal magnitude but in the opposite
direction - answers✔✔Newtons Third Law
forces are on different sides of the COR (fulcrum) - answers✔✔1st class
forces are on the same side of the COR and the external force is closer to the COR than the muscle force
- answers✔✔2nd class
forces are on the same side of the COR and the muscle force is closer to the COR than the external force
- answers✔✔3rd class
Force applied to deform a structure (σ = F/A) - answers✔✔Stress
Resulting deformation of a material from a force (perpendicular or parallel) (ε = ΔL/L) -
answers✔✔Strain
material returns to original length when load (Applied force) is removed) - answers✔✔Elastic (linear)
region
structure does not return to original length when load is removed - answers✔✔Plastic (yield) region
fracture or breaking point - answers✔✔Failure point
stiffer, undergoes less strain - answers✔✔High Young's modulus
Is the ratio between a materials transverse (lateral) and longitudinal (axial) strain when it is stretched -
answers✔✔Poisson's Ratio
, measure of how fracture resistant a material is if a small crack or flaw already exists -
answers✔✔Fracture toughness
occurs when a material is loaded and unloaded repeatedly and the maximum loads are below the
ultimate tensile strength (UTS - maxim stress a material can withstand while being stretched/pulled
before breaking) - answers✔✔Fatigue fracture
the stress below which the material will never fail in fatigue - answers✔✔Fatigue limit
number of loading cycles a material can withstand at a given stress level - answers✔✔Fatigue life
Materials that have time dependent behaviour due to a fluid like component (material to some extent
both behaves like a liquid and a solid material and that it has a time-dependent strain.) -
answers✔✔Viscoelastic
the reduction of stress within a material over time as the material is subject to constant deformation -
answers✔✔Stress relaxation
the continued deformation of material over time as the material is subject to a constant load -
answers✔✔Creep
load is applied perpendicularly to the neutral axis, causing the member to deflect. - answers✔✔Bending
occurs when a
under axial compression loads, where the member suddenly changes shape once a critical load is
reached. - answers✔✔Buckling occurs
Organic material found in all the body's connective tissue (90% of bones organic content) -
answers✔✔Collagen
