Exam 3: NR341 / NR 341 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Complex Adult Health | Questions &
Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct.
Chamberlain
1. Renal Failure: Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's metabolic
wastes or perform regulatory functions.
2. Acute Kidney Injury: rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the
kidneys
3. Causes of AKI: Hypovolemia
Hypotension Infections decreased
cardiac output and heart failure
Obstruction of the kidney or lower
urinary tract
Blood clot or renal stones (rare)
Obstruction of renal arteries or veins
Nephrotoxic agents
,4. Types of AKI: Prerenal - hypoperfusion of kidney, not enough blood to
kidney
Intrarenal - actual damage to glomeruli or kidney tubules
Postrenal - urinary obstruction that impedes forward flow (tumor, stone)
5. Pt has increased creatinine level and increased BUN, what is the issue?:
-
Problem with kidney perfusion
6. Pt has increased creatinine and increased BUN, what are the nursing
priorities?: Check urine output
Check specific gravity - filtration/how concentrated
7. Fixed specific gravity: Kidney damage - can't dilute urine/accommodate
8. Specific gravity lab value: 1.005-1.030
9. Lab values to monitor for kidney function: BUN, creatinine, creatinine
clearance, GFR, specific gravity, UA
10. Adult urine output: 30 mL/hr
11. What lab increases during dehydration?: BUN
12. Normal Na levels: 135-145 mEq/L
, 13. signs of hyponatremia: Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue, lethargy,
muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased blood pressure
14. AKI prerenal causes: Volume depletion
Decreased cardiac output
Vasodilation
15. AKI intrarenal causes: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
16. AKI postrenal causes: Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
17. AKI phases: Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum
concentration of substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day (due
to osmotic diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys have
recovered ability to excrete wastes but not to concentrate the urine, observe
closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, dehydration
2026) Complex Adult Health | Questions &
Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct.
Chamberlain
1. Renal Failure: Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's metabolic
wastes or perform regulatory functions.
2. Acute Kidney Injury: rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the
kidneys
3. Causes of AKI: Hypovolemia
Hypotension Infections decreased
cardiac output and heart failure
Obstruction of the kidney or lower
urinary tract
Blood clot or renal stones (rare)
Obstruction of renal arteries or veins
Nephrotoxic agents
,4. Types of AKI: Prerenal - hypoperfusion of kidney, not enough blood to
kidney
Intrarenal - actual damage to glomeruli or kidney tubules
Postrenal - urinary obstruction that impedes forward flow (tumor, stone)
5. Pt has increased creatinine level and increased BUN, what is the issue?:
-
Problem with kidney perfusion
6. Pt has increased creatinine and increased BUN, what are the nursing
priorities?: Check urine output
Check specific gravity - filtration/how concentrated
7. Fixed specific gravity: Kidney damage - can't dilute urine/accommodate
8. Specific gravity lab value: 1.005-1.030
9. Lab values to monitor for kidney function: BUN, creatinine, creatinine
clearance, GFR, specific gravity, UA
10. Adult urine output: 30 mL/hr
11. What lab increases during dehydration?: BUN
12. Normal Na levels: 135-145 mEq/L
, 13. signs of hyponatremia: Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue, lethargy,
muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased blood pressure
14. AKI prerenal causes: Volume depletion
Decreased cardiac output
Vasodilation
15. AKI intrarenal causes: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
16. AKI postrenal causes: Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
17. AKI phases: Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum
concentration of substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day (due
to osmotic diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys have
recovered ability to excrete wastes but not to concentrate the urine, observe
closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, dehydration
