1. This occurs when the author uses a term in Uncertian Use of a
two dif- ferent ways in the same argument. Term or Concept
More or less the author uses one word in two
different ways in which the meaning changes.
Aka: Equivocate
Ad Hominem
2. When a persons character, and not the
argument pre- sented is attacked. Ex: "We
should not pass this law because Sen Boxer is
a lesbian"
3. When the author assumes as true what is supposed to Circular
Reasoning
be proved. The premis and conclusion will be
identical in meaning. Ex: "This essay is the
best because it is better then all the others"
4. The flaw would either be a Mistaken Reversal, or Mis- Errors of
Conditional Rea-
taken Negation. Confusing a Nessesary condition with soning
a Sufficiant condition or vice versa.
5. 1) Assuming a causal relationship on the it weaker
basis of the sequence of events. 2) Assumes and easier to
that there is a causal relationship when only a knock down.
temporal relationship exists.
3) Failure to consider an alternate cause of the 7. Either
effect, or an alternate cause for both the cause failing to
and effect. 4) Failure to consider that the provide
events might be reversed. information
to support
6. When author attempts to attack opponent's the
position by ignoring the actual statements conclusion
made by the oppos- ing speaker and instead or
distorts and refashions the argument, making providing
1/
5
, LSAT Flaws Review Practice Exam Test.
irrelivant information to sup- port conclusion. Mistaken Cause and
Ettect
Straw Man
General Lack of
Relevant Evidence for
the Conclu- sion
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