TAMU Kines 433- EXAM 1 Final
Questions and All Correct Answers
(2025-2026) Updated.
Pulmonary Circuit - Answer low pressure
provides BF to lungs
Systemic Circuit - Answer high pressure
provides BF to all other tissues
Macrocirculation - Answer vessels outside of tissues
arteries and veins
provides blood to and from tissues
Microcirculation - Answer smaller vessels contained in an organ or tissue
arterioles, venules, capillaries
regulate BF and BP
regulate exchange of gasses and nutrients
Cardiovascular adjustments to exercise - Answer increased CO
Redistribute CO
Increased Venous return
Cardiac output at rest - Answer 5 L/min
Key adaptations of the heart - Answer SA node
AV node
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers
Features of a pump - Answer fatigue resistant
, SA node - Answer pacemaker
spontaneous, generates electrical signal
AV node - Answer delay station which delays the action potential to complete ventricular
filling
Bundle Branches - Answer transmits signal throughout ventricles
Purkinje fibers - Answer rapid conduction
ventricles contract as a unit
Rhythmic
Fatigue resistant adaptations to the heart - Answer arteries providing BF to myocytes
Capillaries- dense network to aid gas exchange
mitochondria- dense network to provide ATP
Nerves: heart is heavily innervated by the ANS
Reguatory adaptation to the heart - Answer the nervous system innervates the heart at the SA
and AV nodes to regulate HR
*regulated by BOTH the PNS and SNS
The PNS innervates the SA and AV node and releases ______ to _____ heart rate and
conduction velocity - Answer Ach
decreases
The SNS innervates the SA node, AV node, and LV and releases _______ to _____ heart rate and
stroke volume - Answer Norepinephrine, increase
Intima layer of blood vessels - Answer single layer of endothelial cells
Media layer of blood vessels - Answer primarily vascular smooth muscle
Questions and All Correct Answers
(2025-2026) Updated.
Pulmonary Circuit - Answer low pressure
provides BF to lungs
Systemic Circuit - Answer high pressure
provides BF to all other tissues
Macrocirculation - Answer vessels outside of tissues
arteries and veins
provides blood to and from tissues
Microcirculation - Answer smaller vessels contained in an organ or tissue
arterioles, venules, capillaries
regulate BF and BP
regulate exchange of gasses and nutrients
Cardiovascular adjustments to exercise - Answer increased CO
Redistribute CO
Increased Venous return
Cardiac output at rest - Answer 5 L/min
Key adaptations of the heart - Answer SA node
AV node
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers
Features of a pump - Answer fatigue resistant
, SA node - Answer pacemaker
spontaneous, generates electrical signal
AV node - Answer delay station which delays the action potential to complete ventricular
filling
Bundle Branches - Answer transmits signal throughout ventricles
Purkinje fibers - Answer rapid conduction
ventricles contract as a unit
Rhythmic
Fatigue resistant adaptations to the heart - Answer arteries providing BF to myocytes
Capillaries- dense network to aid gas exchange
mitochondria- dense network to provide ATP
Nerves: heart is heavily innervated by the ANS
Reguatory adaptation to the heart - Answer the nervous system innervates the heart at the SA
and AV nodes to regulate HR
*regulated by BOTH the PNS and SNS
The PNS innervates the SA and AV node and releases ______ to _____ heart rate and
conduction velocity - Answer Ach
decreases
The SNS innervates the SA node, AV node, and LV and releases _______ to _____ heart rate and
stroke volume - Answer Norepinephrine, increase
Intima layer of blood vessels - Answer single layer of endothelial cells
Media layer of blood vessels - Answer primarily vascular smooth muscle
