Page | 1
KU BIOL 600 EXAM 1 Review Questions, Biochem
final Questions and Verified Answers
DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and...
Ans: thymine
The number of hydrogen bonds formed between A and T
Ans: 2
The number of hydrogen bonds formed between C and G
Ans: 3
The cellular process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template is called
Ans: Transcription
....are cells which are composed of multiple specialized membrane-bound
compartments.
Ans: Eukaryotic cells
Broad class of biological macromolecules that are hydrophobic and function as
membrane
barrier, signaling molecules, and fuel storage, among others
Ans: lipids
Cellular organelle where glycosylation occurs.
Ans: Golgi apparatus
Organelle that can be 'rough' or 'smooth' and is responsible for protein
processing and
xenobiotic metabolism
Ans: endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Organelle filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes
, Page | 2
Ans: lysosome
What are the four key classes of biomolecules?
Ans: proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids
How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
Ans: eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do
not
Draw a diagram for the central dogma of biology
Ans:
What two classes of biomolecules are capable of catalysis?
Ans: proteins and RNA
Which biomolecules are chiefly responsible for catalysis of cellular processes?
Ans: proteins
DNA and RNA are composed of what basic biochemical compounds?
Ans: nucleotides
...weak interaction between water molecules.
Ans: hydrogen bonding
Which type of amino acids are responsible for increasing entropy as a protein
folds.
Ans: hydrophobic/nonpolar amino acids
Using Coulomb's law, describe how water is an ideal solvent for the ions found in
cells?
Ans: Water has a high D, dielectric constant, which makes F lower. F is the
force needed to dissolve ions with charges q1 and q2
What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical structures such as
DNA?
, Page | 3
Ans: The weak nature of H bonds (compared to covalent bonds) allow the
two DNA strands to be 'unzipped' during replication, and to reform again,
with less energy
What is an electrostatic interaction? Give an example.
Ans: Electrostatic or ionic interactions are between charged groups, or
between ions
Like the R groups of Arg and Lys. Or the amino group (-NH3
+) and the carboxyl group (-COO-)
Give another name for van der Waals interactions.
Ans: hydrophobic/nonpolar interactions
If most proteins are found surrounded by water in the cell, what type of functional
groups would you expect to
find on the surface of a water soluble protein?
Ans: polar/ionic amino acids
What is the second law of thermodynamics and why does protein folding (which
increases order in the
protein) occur spontaneously?
Ans: Entropy of the universe increases for a spontaneous reaction. Entropy
of water used to solvate the nonpolar groups increase in entropy during
protein folding.
How do hydrophobic interactions aid in protein folding?
Ans: Hydrophobic interactions exclude water (which increases in entropy).
Hydrophobic groups come together to form a hydrophobic core (for example,
of proteins).
Write out the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. What is the pH of a solution
where the concentration of conjugate base is equal to the concentration of the
acid?
Ans: pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
pH = pKa when [A-] = [HA]
Arrange the following in order of strength, from top (#1) to bottom: hydrogen
bonding, electrostatic
KU BIOL 600 EXAM 1 Review Questions, Biochem
final Questions and Verified Answers
DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and...
Ans: thymine
The number of hydrogen bonds formed between A and T
Ans: 2
The number of hydrogen bonds formed between C and G
Ans: 3
The cellular process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template is called
Ans: Transcription
....are cells which are composed of multiple specialized membrane-bound
compartments.
Ans: Eukaryotic cells
Broad class of biological macromolecules that are hydrophobic and function as
membrane
barrier, signaling molecules, and fuel storage, among others
Ans: lipids
Cellular organelle where glycosylation occurs.
Ans: Golgi apparatus
Organelle that can be 'rough' or 'smooth' and is responsible for protein
processing and
xenobiotic metabolism
Ans: endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Organelle filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes
, Page | 2
Ans: lysosome
What are the four key classes of biomolecules?
Ans: proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids
How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
Ans: eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do
not
Draw a diagram for the central dogma of biology
Ans:
What two classes of biomolecules are capable of catalysis?
Ans: proteins and RNA
Which biomolecules are chiefly responsible for catalysis of cellular processes?
Ans: proteins
DNA and RNA are composed of what basic biochemical compounds?
Ans: nucleotides
...weak interaction between water molecules.
Ans: hydrogen bonding
Which type of amino acids are responsible for increasing entropy as a protein
folds.
Ans: hydrophobic/nonpolar amino acids
Using Coulomb's law, describe how water is an ideal solvent for the ions found in
cells?
Ans: Water has a high D, dielectric constant, which makes F lower. F is the
force needed to dissolve ions with charges q1 and q2
What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical structures such as
DNA?
, Page | 3
Ans: The weak nature of H bonds (compared to covalent bonds) allow the
two DNA strands to be 'unzipped' during replication, and to reform again,
with less energy
What is an electrostatic interaction? Give an example.
Ans: Electrostatic or ionic interactions are between charged groups, or
between ions
Like the R groups of Arg and Lys. Or the amino group (-NH3
+) and the carboxyl group (-COO-)
Give another name for van der Waals interactions.
Ans: hydrophobic/nonpolar interactions
If most proteins are found surrounded by water in the cell, what type of functional
groups would you expect to
find on the surface of a water soluble protein?
Ans: polar/ionic amino acids
What is the second law of thermodynamics and why does protein folding (which
increases order in the
protein) occur spontaneously?
Ans: Entropy of the universe increases for a spontaneous reaction. Entropy
of water used to solvate the nonpolar groups increase in entropy during
protein folding.
How do hydrophobic interactions aid in protein folding?
Ans: Hydrophobic interactions exclude water (which increases in entropy).
Hydrophobic groups come together to form a hydrophobic core (for example,
of proteins).
Write out the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. What is the pH of a solution
where the concentration of conjugate base is equal to the concentration of the
acid?
Ans: pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
pH = pKa when [A-] = [HA]
Arrange the following in order of strength, from top (#1) to bottom: hydrogen
bonding, electrostatic
