PSYC 230 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
What are the mental processes in cognition? - (answer) perception, attention, memory, language,
decision making, problem solving
synapse - (answer) space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrite of another
neuron
neural circuit - (answer) group of interconnected neurons
receptors - (answer) specialized neurons that respond to environmental stimuli
action potentials - (answer) electrical signals that transmit neural information down a neuron's axon
what is the all or none principle - (answer) all action potentials are of the same strength
single cell recording - (answer) recording the activity of a single neuron by inserting a microelectode
electroencephalogram - (answer) recording the brain's electrical activity through electrodes on the
scalp
MRI - (answer) used to examine brain structure
relies on the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms in the brain matter
fMRI - (answer) used to examine brain function
relies on the magnetic properties of hemoglobin, a molecule in the blood that carries oxygen
double dissociation - (answer) patient 1 with damage to region a can do tasks x but not task y patient 2
with damage to region b cannot do task x but can do task y
spatial resolution - (answer) how location sensitive is the method?
,PSYC 230 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
temporal resolution - (answer) how time sensitive is the method
specificity coding - (answer) representation of a specific stimulus by the firing of a neurons that
respond only to that stimulus
population coding - (answer) representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of many neurons
sparse coding - (answer) representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing in small groups of neurons
broca's area - (answer) area in the frontal lobe associated with language production
broca's aphasia - (answer) slow, labored, ungrammatical speech but fully intact comprehension
wernicke's area - (answer) area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehension
werchicke's aphasia - (answer) difficulty understanding language; fluent/ grammatical speech that is
incoherent
prosopagnosia - (answer) damage to lower right temporal lobe and the inability to recognize faces
what is perception - (answer) experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses
inverse projection problem - (answer) a particular image on the retina can be created by many
different objects
viewpoint invariance - (answer) ability to recognize objects from different viewpoints
bottom-up processing - (answer) processing that is driven by information received by the receptors
, PSYC 230 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
top-down processing - (answer) processing that is driven by a person's knowledge or expectation
speech segmentation - (answer) the ability to tell when one word in someone's speech ends and the
next one begins
statistical learning - (answer) learning about the probabilities that one sound will follow another and
other characteristics of language
likelihood principle - (answer) we perceive the object that is mostly likely to have caused the pattern of
stimuli we have received
unconscious inference - (answer) unconscious assumptions we make about the environment
gestalt principles of perceptual organization - (answer) goal to explain the way elements are grouped
together to create larger objects/concepts
principle of good continuation - (answer) points that follow a straight or smoothly curving line are seen
as belonging together, and the lines are seen as following the smoothest path
law of pragnanz - (answer) every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as
simple as possible
principle of similarity - (answer) similar things appear to be grouped together
law of proximity - (answer) items close together appear to be grouped together
oblique effects - (answer) verticals and horizontals are more easily perceived than other orientations
DETAILED ANSWERS
What are the mental processes in cognition? - (answer) perception, attention, memory, language,
decision making, problem solving
synapse - (answer) space between the axon of one neuron and the cell body or dendrite of another
neuron
neural circuit - (answer) group of interconnected neurons
receptors - (answer) specialized neurons that respond to environmental stimuli
action potentials - (answer) electrical signals that transmit neural information down a neuron's axon
what is the all or none principle - (answer) all action potentials are of the same strength
single cell recording - (answer) recording the activity of a single neuron by inserting a microelectode
electroencephalogram - (answer) recording the brain's electrical activity through electrodes on the
scalp
MRI - (answer) used to examine brain structure
relies on the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms in the brain matter
fMRI - (answer) used to examine brain function
relies on the magnetic properties of hemoglobin, a molecule in the blood that carries oxygen
double dissociation - (answer) patient 1 with damage to region a can do tasks x but not task y patient 2
with damage to region b cannot do task x but can do task y
spatial resolution - (answer) how location sensitive is the method?
,PSYC 230 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
temporal resolution - (answer) how time sensitive is the method
specificity coding - (answer) representation of a specific stimulus by the firing of a neurons that
respond only to that stimulus
population coding - (answer) representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of many neurons
sparse coding - (answer) representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing in small groups of neurons
broca's area - (answer) area in the frontal lobe associated with language production
broca's aphasia - (answer) slow, labored, ungrammatical speech but fully intact comprehension
wernicke's area - (answer) area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehension
werchicke's aphasia - (answer) difficulty understanding language; fluent/ grammatical speech that is
incoherent
prosopagnosia - (answer) damage to lower right temporal lobe and the inability to recognize faces
what is perception - (answer) experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses
inverse projection problem - (answer) a particular image on the retina can be created by many
different objects
viewpoint invariance - (answer) ability to recognize objects from different viewpoints
bottom-up processing - (answer) processing that is driven by information received by the receptors
, PSYC 230 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
top-down processing - (answer) processing that is driven by a person's knowledge or expectation
speech segmentation - (answer) the ability to tell when one word in someone's speech ends and the
next one begins
statistical learning - (answer) learning about the probabilities that one sound will follow another and
other characteristics of language
likelihood principle - (answer) we perceive the object that is mostly likely to have caused the pattern of
stimuli we have received
unconscious inference - (answer) unconscious assumptions we make about the environment
gestalt principles of perceptual organization - (answer) goal to explain the way elements are grouped
together to create larger objects/concepts
principle of good continuation - (answer) points that follow a straight or smoothly curving line are seen
as belonging together, and the lines are seen as following the smoothest path
law of pragnanz - (answer) every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as
simple as possible
principle of similarity - (answer) similar things appear to be grouped together
law of proximity - (answer) items close together appear to be grouped together
oblique effects - (answer) verticals and horizontals are more easily perceived than other orientations
