SOIL SCIENCE 301 EXAM STUDY
SET
SOIL AND THE SOIL FORMING FACTORS - ANSWER
ideal Soil - ANSWER -material capable of supporting plant life
-50% pore space 50% solids
- 25% air, 25% water
-45% minerals
-5% organic matter
soil phases - ANSWER
rock cycle - ANSWER sediments --> sedimentary rock --> metamorphic rock -
-> magma --> igneous rock --> sediments
physical weathering - ANSWER temperature
abrasion (wind, water, ice)
plants and animals
biogeochemical weathering - ANSWER water/oxygen accelerate
temperature (increases bio activity)
biological agents (acids from plants, etc.)
mineral - ANSWER inorganic compound found in rocks
primary mineral - ANSWER unaltered chemically since formation
from lava
quartz is most resistant, olivine least resistant
secondary mineral - ANSWER formed from the decomposed product of a
primary mineral
gypsum least resistant
, geothite most resistant
rock - ANSWER made of minerals or mineral-like things
forms the Earth's crust
Bowen's sequence - ANSWER olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite mica,
potassium feldspar, muscavite mica, quartz
five soil forming factors - ANSWER CLORPT
climate (most influencial), organisms, relief, parent material, time
lacustrine - ANSWER lakes
alluvial/fluvial - ANSWER streams
marine - ANSWER ocean basin
colluvial - ANSWER hillslopes
till/moraine - ANSWER glacier
outwash - ANSWER glacial/wind
aeolian - ANSWER wind transport
four processes of soil formation - ANSWER transformations, translocation,
addition, loss
transformations - ANSWER physical or chemical modification to soil
constituents
translocations - ANSWER movement of material up/down/laterally
additions - ANSWER organic matter inputs from roots and leaves
losses - ANSWER erosion of topsoil, leaching to groundwater
THE SOIL PROFILE - ANSWER
SET
SOIL AND THE SOIL FORMING FACTORS - ANSWER
ideal Soil - ANSWER -material capable of supporting plant life
-50% pore space 50% solids
- 25% air, 25% water
-45% minerals
-5% organic matter
soil phases - ANSWER
rock cycle - ANSWER sediments --> sedimentary rock --> metamorphic rock -
-> magma --> igneous rock --> sediments
physical weathering - ANSWER temperature
abrasion (wind, water, ice)
plants and animals
biogeochemical weathering - ANSWER water/oxygen accelerate
temperature (increases bio activity)
biological agents (acids from plants, etc.)
mineral - ANSWER inorganic compound found in rocks
primary mineral - ANSWER unaltered chemically since formation
from lava
quartz is most resistant, olivine least resistant
secondary mineral - ANSWER formed from the decomposed product of a
primary mineral
gypsum least resistant
, geothite most resistant
rock - ANSWER made of minerals or mineral-like things
forms the Earth's crust
Bowen's sequence - ANSWER olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite mica,
potassium feldspar, muscavite mica, quartz
five soil forming factors - ANSWER CLORPT
climate (most influencial), organisms, relief, parent material, time
lacustrine - ANSWER lakes
alluvial/fluvial - ANSWER streams
marine - ANSWER ocean basin
colluvial - ANSWER hillslopes
till/moraine - ANSWER glacier
outwash - ANSWER glacial/wind
aeolian - ANSWER wind transport
four processes of soil formation - ANSWER transformations, translocation,
addition, loss
transformations - ANSWER physical or chemical modification to soil
constituents
translocations - ANSWER movement of material up/down/laterally
additions - ANSWER organic matter inputs from roots and leaves
losses - ANSWER erosion of topsoil, leaching to groundwater
THE SOIL PROFILE - ANSWER
