Pharmacology EXAM 2 questions and ANSWERS
2025-2026 UPDATE
*Which is NOT a mechanism of action of an oral antidiabetic drug?*
1. A hormone
A. rapidly responds to a stimulus
B. is a neurotransmitter
C. binds to specific receptors to produce its effects
D. produces nerve impulses
E. is secreted into a specialized duct system -✔✔ANS C
2. Releasing hormones
A. travel along axons to the posterior pituitary
B. affect the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary
C. are released by the target organ to regulate hypothalamus
D. produce nerve impulses
E. stimulate the release of oxytocin -✔✔ANS B
3. All hormones released by the anterior pituitary are regulated by
A. the hypothalamus
B. the posterior pituitary
C. the fat-soluble releasing hormones
D. TSH
E. a positive feedback response -✔✔ANS A
,4. Dwarfism is caused by
A. elevated thyroid hormone production
B. decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C. decreased growth hormone
D. high plasma glucose concentration
E. an overactive negative feedback response -✔✔ANS C
5. A patient newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism has blood drawn for labs. Th
physician tells the patient that his TRH function is normal as is the TSH level. Using
negative feedback, which location is most likely secreting excess hormone?
A. CNS
B. anterior pituitary
C. hypothalamus
D. target organ (thyroid gland)
E. adrenal cortex -✔✔ANS D
6. Which is not a function of hormones?
A. conduct electrical impulses
B. regulate growth
C. control metabolism
D. help in reproduction
E. milk secretion -✔✔ANS A
7. Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?
A. it controls the master gland
B. it is composed of two main lobes
C. it is connected by a portal system to the posterior pituitary gland
D. it releases luteinizing hormone
E. it is the target organ for growth hormone -✔✔ANS A
8. Choose the hormones whose target organs are the gonads of males and females.
A. TSH
B. ACTH
,C. LH, FSH
D. GH
E. somatostatin -✔✔ANS C
9. Water-soluble hormones work by
A. binding receptors on the cell membranes
B. crossing the plasma membrane
C. being second messengers
D. stimulating gene transcription
E. binding to receptors inside the cell nucleus -✔✔ANS A
10. Which of the following is true of the negative feedback system?
A. levels of circulating hormone always change suddenly and severely
B. the target organ turns off pituitary secretion
C. a baby suckling is an example of negative feedback
D. hormones are NOT controlled by this process
E. oxytocin causes the reduction in thyroid hormone secretion -✔✔ANS B
11. Which of the following is correct about mineralocorticoids?
A. they are secreted by the adrenal medulla
B. the target organ is the pancreas
C. they cause excess excretion of sodium ions
D. their principle action is to reduce inflammation
E. aldosterone is the primary hormone -✔✔ANS D
12. A patient presents with dehydration. Following ACTH administration, plasma cortiso
levels cannot be detected. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is
A. Addison's disease (generate too little...)
B. Cushing's disease (too much...)
C. thyroid disease
D. rheumatoid arthritis
E. excessive cortisol excretion -✔✔ANS A
, 13. A patient taking prednisone long term (chronically) might develop which of th
following adverse effects?
A. dehydration
B. hypotension
C. bronchial asthma
D. weight loss
E. moon face or buffalo hump -✔✔ANS E
14. Which of the following is not a function of secreted glucocorticoids?
A. regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates
B. make new protein
C. retention of sodium
D. transcription of nucleus DNA -✔✔ANS C
15. Which of the following is not true of mineralocorticoids like fludrocortisone?
A. cause an increase in reabsorption of sodium
B. cause K ion transport to urine
C. regulate fluid balance
D. decrease inflammation -✔✔ANS D
16. Which of these effects is not associated with long-term steroidal hormone therapy?
A. obesity
B. thinning of skin
C. glaucoma
D. increased muscle strength
E. steroid addiction -✔✔ANS D
17. In both males and females the hypothalamus secretes this hormone to stimulate th
release of LH and FSH.
A. testosterone
B. estrogen
C. GnRH
2025-2026 UPDATE
*Which is NOT a mechanism of action of an oral antidiabetic drug?*
1. A hormone
A. rapidly responds to a stimulus
B. is a neurotransmitter
C. binds to specific receptors to produce its effects
D. produces nerve impulses
E. is secreted into a specialized duct system -✔✔ANS C
2. Releasing hormones
A. travel along axons to the posterior pituitary
B. affect the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary
C. are released by the target organ to regulate hypothalamus
D. produce nerve impulses
E. stimulate the release of oxytocin -✔✔ANS B
3. All hormones released by the anterior pituitary are regulated by
A. the hypothalamus
B. the posterior pituitary
C. the fat-soluble releasing hormones
D. TSH
E. a positive feedback response -✔✔ANS A
,4. Dwarfism is caused by
A. elevated thyroid hormone production
B. decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C. decreased growth hormone
D. high plasma glucose concentration
E. an overactive negative feedback response -✔✔ANS C
5. A patient newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism has blood drawn for labs. Th
physician tells the patient that his TRH function is normal as is the TSH level. Using
negative feedback, which location is most likely secreting excess hormone?
A. CNS
B. anterior pituitary
C. hypothalamus
D. target organ (thyroid gland)
E. adrenal cortex -✔✔ANS D
6. Which is not a function of hormones?
A. conduct electrical impulses
B. regulate growth
C. control metabolism
D. help in reproduction
E. milk secretion -✔✔ANS A
7. Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?
A. it controls the master gland
B. it is composed of two main lobes
C. it is connected by a portal system to the posterior pituitary gland
D. it releases luteinizing hormone
E. it is the target organ for growth hormone -✔✔ANS A
8. Choose the hormones whose target organs are the gonads of males and females.
A. TSH
B. ACTH
,C. LH, FSH
D. GH
E. somatostatin -✔✔ANS C
9. Water-soluble hormones work by
A. binding receptors on the cell membranes
B. crossing the plasma membrane
C. being second messengers
D. stimulating gene transcription
E. binding to receptors inside the cell nucleus -✔✔ANS A
10. Which of the following is true of the negative feedback system?
A. levels of circulating hormone always change suddenly and severely
B. the target organ turns off pituitary secretion
C. a baby suckling is an example of negative feedback
D. hormones are NOT controlled by this process
E. oxytocin causes the reduction in thyroid hormone secretion -✔✔ANS B
11. Which of the following is correct about mineralocorticoids?
A. they are secreted by the adrenal medulla
B. the target organ is the pancreas
C. they cause excess excretion of sodium ions
D. their principle action is to reduce inflammation
E. aldosterone is the primary hormone -✔✔ANS D
12. A patient presents with dehydration. Following ACTH administration, plasma cortiso
levels cannot be detected. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is
A. Addison's disease (generate too little...)
B. Cushing's disease (too much...)
C. thyroid disease
D. rheumatoid arthritis
E. excessive cortisol excretion -✔✔ANS A
, 13. A patient taking prednisone long term (chronically) might develop which of th
following adverse effects?
A. dehydration
B. hypotension
C. bronchial asthma
D. weight loss
E. moon face or buffalo hump -✔✔ANS E
14. Which of the following is not a function of secreted glucocorticoids?
A. regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates
B. make new protein
C. retention of sodium
D. transcription of nucleus DNA -✔✔ANS C
15. Which of the following is not true of mineralocorticoids like fludrocortisone?
A. cause an increase in reabsorption of sodium
B. cause K ion transport to urine
C. regulate fluid balance
D. decrease inflammation -✔✔ANS D
16. Which of these effects is not associated with long-term steroidal hormone therapy?
A. obesity
B. thinning of skin
C. glaucoma
D. increased muscle strength
E. steroid addiction -✔✔ANS D
17. In both males and females the hypothalamus secretes this hormone to stimulate th
release of LH and FSH.
A. testosterone
B. estrogen
C. GnRH
