Hesi A&P Study Guide questions and answers
with solutions 2025/2026
The structural makeup of an organism - ANSWER Anatomy
The study of anatomy concerned with microscopic features of the body -
ANSWER Fine Anatomy
The study of anatomy concerned with the features of the body visible
without a microscope. - ANSWER Gross Anatomy
Refers to the functions of an organism, and it examines the chemical or
physical functions that help the body fuction appropriately. - ANSWER
Physiology
All parts of the human body are build of individual units called: -
ANSWER Cells
Groups of similar cells are arranged into: - ANSWER Tissues
Different tissues are arranged into: - ANSWER Organs
Organs working togther form: - ANSWER Organ Systems
,The human body has twelve organ systems that govern: - ANSWER
Circulation, digestion, immunity, hormones, movement, support,
coordination, urination, excretion, reproduction, respiration, and
general protection.
Body Cavities - ANSWER Different hollow spaces that house organs in the
body.
Cranial Cavity - ANSWER The cranial cavity is surrounded by the skull and
contains organs such as the brain and pituitary gland.
Thoracic Cavity - ANSWER The thoracic cavity is encircled by the sternum
(breastbone) and ribs. It contains organs such as the brain and pituitary
gland.
Abdominal Cavity - ANSWER The abdominal cavity is separated from the
thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. It contains organs such as the
stomach, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, and large intestines. The
abdominal organs are held in place by a membrane called the
peritoneum.
Pelvic Cavity - ANSWER The pelvic cavity is enclosed by the pelvis, or
bones of the hip. It contains organs such as the urinary bladder, urethra,
ureters, anus, and rectum. It contains the reproductive organs as well. In
females, the pelvic cavity also contains the uterus.
,Spinal Cavity - ANSWER The spinal cavity is surrounded by the vertebral
column. The vertebral column has five regions: cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. The spinal cord runs through the middle
of the spinal cavity.
The three primary planes of the human body are: - ANSWER frontal,
saggital, and transverse.
Frontal/Coronal plane: - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body
or an organ into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.
Saggital/Lateral plane: - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body
into right and left parts
Transverse plane: - ANSWER a horizontal plane that divides the body into
superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Anatomic Position: - ANSWER The body and head are straight up and,
the feet are close but not touching, and the hands are pointed forward.
Medial - ANSWER Refers to a structure being closer to the midline of the
body. For example, the nose is medial to the eyes.
Lateral: - ANSWER Refers to a structure being farther from the midline of
the body, and is the opposite of medial. For example, the eyes are lateral
to the nose.
, Proximal: - ANSWER Refers to a structure or body part located near an
attachment point. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
Distal - ANSWER Refers to a structure or body part located far from an
attachment point. For example, the wrist is distal to the elbow.
Anterior: - ANSWER Means toward the front. For example, the lips are
anterior to the teeth.
Posterior: - ANSWER Means toward the back, and is the opposite of
anterior. For example, the teeth are posterior to the lips.
Superior: - ANSWER Means above and refers to a structure close to the
head. For example, the head is superior to the neck. The terms cephalic
or cranial may be used in place of superior.
Inferior: - ANSWER Means below and refers to a structure farther from
the head, and is opposite of superior. For example, the neck is inferior to
the head. The term caudal may be used in place of inferior.
Superficial: - ANSWER Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of
the body. For example, the muscles are superficial because they are just
beneath the surface of the skin
with solutions 2025/2026
The structural makeup of an organism - ANSWER Anatomy
The study of anatomy concerned with microscopic features of the body -
ANSWER Fine Anatomy
The study of anatomy concerned with the features of the body visible
without a microscope. - ANSWER Gross Anatomy
Refers to the functions of an organism, and it examines the chemical or
physical functions that help the body fuction appropriately. - ANSWER
Physiology
All parts of the human body are build of individual units called: -
ANSWER Cells
Groups of similar cells are arranged into: - ANSWER Tissues
Different tissues are arranged into: - ANSWER Organs
Organs working togther form: - ANSWER Organ Systems
,The human body has twelve organ systems that govern: - ANSWER
Circulation, digestion, immunity, hormones, movement, support,
coordination, urination, excretion, reproduction, respiration, and
general protection.
Body Cavities - ANSWER Different hollow spaces that house organs in the
body.
Cranial Cavity - ANSWER The cranial cavity is surrounded by the skull and
contains organs such as the brain and pituitary gland.
Thoracic Cavity - ANSWER The thoracic cavity is encircled by the sternum
(breastbone) and ribs. It contains organs such as the brain and pituitary
gland.
Abdominal Cavity - ANSWER The abdominal cavity is separated from the
thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. It contains organs such as the
stomach, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, and large intestines. The
abdominal organs are held in place by a membrane called the
peritoneum.
Pelvic Cavity - ANSWER The pelvic cavity is enclosed by the pelvis, or
bones of the hip. It contains organs such as the urinary bladder, urethra,
ureters, anus, and rectum. It contains the reproductive organs as well. In
females, the pelvic cavity also contains the uterus.
,Spinal Cavity - ANSWER The spinal cavity is surrounded by the vertebral
column. The vertebral column has five regions: cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. The spinal cord runs through the middle
of the spinal cavity.
The three primary planes of the human body are: - ANSWER frontal,
saggital, and transverse.
Frontal/Coronal plane: - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body
or an organ into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.
Saggital/Lateral plane: - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body
into right and left parts
Transverse plane: - ANSWER a horizontal plane that divides the body into
superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Anatomic Position: - ANSWER The body and head are straight up and,
the feet are close but not touching, and the hands are pointed forward.
Medial - ANSWER Refers to a structure being closer to the midline of the
body. For example, the nose is medial to the eyes.
Lateral: - ANSWER Refers to a structure being farther from the midline of
the body, and is the opposite of medial. For example, the eyes are lateral
to the nose.
, Proximal: - ANSWER Refers to a structure or body part located near an
attachment point. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
Distal - ANSWER Refers to a structure or body part located far from an
attachment point. For example, the wrist is distal to the elbow.
Anterior: - ANSWER Means toward the front. For example, the lips are
anterior to the teeth.
Posterior: - ANSWER Means toward the back, and is the opposite of
anterior. For example, the teeth are posterior to the lips.
Superior: - ANSWER Means above and refers to a structure close to the
head. For example, the head is superior to the neck. The terms cephalic
or cranial may be used in place of superior.
Inferior: - ANSWER Means below and refers to a structure farther from
the head, and is opposite of superior. For example, the neck is inferior to
the head. The term caudal may be used in place of inferior.
Superficial: - ANSWER Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of
the body. For example, the muscles are superficial because they are just
beneath the surface of the skin
