NURS 221 Final Exam Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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NURS 221 Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers

Cations

⼀Answer:⼀ ions with a positive charge

Anions

⼀Answer:⼀ ions with a negative charge

Passive transport

⼀Answer:⼀ the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell

Active transport

⼀Answer:⼀ the movement of materials through a cell membrane
using energy

Sodium potassium pump

⼀Answer:⼀ a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport
sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Normal pH of the body

⼀Answer:⼀ 7.35-7.45

Hypovolemia

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⼀Answer:⼀ decreased blood volume

Hypervolemia

⼀Answer:⼀ increased blood volume

Examples of hypovolemia

⼀Answer:⼀ hemorrhage and dehydration

Examples of Hypervolemia

⼀Answer:⼀ water intoxication and edema

Extracellular

⼀Answer:⼀ outside the cell

Cirrhosis

⼀Answer:⼀ liver disease characterized by interference of local
blood flow and hepatocyte damage

Causes of cirrhosis

⼀Answer:⼀ hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse, altered fluid
balance

Ascites

⼀Answer:⼀ abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Hypernatremia

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⼀Answer:⼀ high sodium

Hyperkalemia

⼀Answer:⼀ high potassium

Hyperchloremia

⼀Answer:⼀ high chloride

Hypercalcemia

⼀Answer:⼀ high calcium

Hypermagnesium

⼀Answer:⼀ high magnesium levels in blood

Hyperphosphatemia

⼀Answer:⼀ high phosphate

Clinical manifestations of dehydration