8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE
| 100% SOLVED!!
son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical
reactions that take
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle
is light-independent because it takes place after the
energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin- Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is
decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to
Carbohydrates-
lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play
a role in giving a cell its identity (i.e., distinguishing
self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows
carbon cycle-
between the atmosphere, water, land, and
ecosystems.
cell cycle- A series of phases in the life of the cell through which it grows
and divides.
Protective and reinforcing structure found in certain cells,
situated outside the
cell wall- plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls are mainly built
of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess
cell walls, made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
cellular respiration- Use of oxygen to release energy from nutrients; also called
aerobic respiration.
A specific section of a chromosome where spindle
Centromere-
fibers attach during cell division; also the connection
point of sister chromatids.
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,8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
A plant pigment used to absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll- Chlorophyll gives
plants their green color because it absorbs red and blue
light particularly well, while reflecting green.
An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic
protists (single-celled eukaryotic organisms) that
contain pigments such as chlorophyl. Its primary
Chloroplast-
function is to
capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy
through the process of
photosynthesis. Chloroplast absorbs sunlight energy
and uses the energy to power the synthesis of organic
food molecules (sugars). A chloroplast contains its own
DNA as a single circular chromosome.
One of two identical copies of a chromosome
duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. A
Sister Chromatid -
centromere connects two sister chromatids together.
When joined
together, sister chromatids compose one
chromosome. Chromatids are separated from each
other during mitosis or meiosis II.
2/41
,8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
The 2nd stage of aerobic cellular respiration that
Citric acid cycle- occurs when acetyl CoA combines with a four-carbon
molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions,
ultimately
producing ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
It is the full range of climatic disruptions that have
climate change- occurred as a probable result of human alteration of the
atmosphere. In other words, it is recent climate
warming— and weirdness—that is probably caused by
human activities and technology use.
A form of dominance where both alleles of a gene
Codominance- pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed. This results
in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant
nor recessive. A typical example showing codominance
is the ABO blood group system.
A sequence of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule
Codons-
that specifies which amino acid should be added to a
growing polypeptide chain.
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits
Commensalism-
and the other does not, but also is not harmed.
Competition- A type of interspecific interaction where both species are
harmed.
Describes the hydrogen bonding that occurs between
specific nucleotides on opposing strands of DNA or
complementary base pairing-
RNA. In DNA, adenine is paired with thymine, and
guanine is paired with cytosine. When RNA is made from
DNA, adenine is paired with uracil, and guanine is paired
with cytosine.
An organism that must eat or absorb complex food
Consumers- molecules derived from the bodies of other organisms.
Consumers get their energy and nutrients from such
food molecules. Humans and other animals are
consumers, as are fungi and most bacteria.
Covalent bonds represent the sharing of the electrons
covalent bonds- (negatively charged
subatomic particles between atoms). The number of
covalent bonds that can form is dictated by the number
3/41
, 8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
of unpaired electrons in the outer valence shell of the
atom.
The substance that fills the inside contents of a cell
Cytoplasm- between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
Contains a semifluid medium, composed mainly of
water, and
organelles (organelles are present only if it is a eukaryotic cell).
A eukaryotic cell structure formed by a series of protein
Cytoskeleton- filaments. The cytoskeleton is a scaffold for the cell
structure and a framework for many cellular activities,
including movement and cell division.
Decomposer- Bacteria and fungi that colonize dead material and absorb food
molecules from it.
A nucleic acid polymer that contains the genetic instructions for
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- all living organisms.
DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that
are intertwined in a double helix.
Animals that feed on dead organic matter. Some
Detritivores- detritivores specialize on eating dead animals (e.g.,
vultures) and others feed on dead plant material (e.g.,
earthworms).
A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharides linked
Disaccharide- together by a covalent bond. Two common
disaccharides are sucrose and lactose. glucose +
fructose = Sucrose (table sugar) glucose + galactose =
Lactose (milk sugar)
The nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions for
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid- making RNA and, ultimately, proteins in all living
organisms. DNA is composed of two strands of
nucleotides, which are intertwined in a double helix.
The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and
Adaptation-
structure of an organism to become more suited to an
environment.
Aerobic- A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a
gene. An example would be
genes that encode eye color—
4/41
Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE
| 100% SOLVED!!
son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical
reactions that take
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle
is light-independent because it takes place after the
energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin- Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is
decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to
Carbohydrates-
lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play
a role in giving a cell its identity (i.e., distinguishing
self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows
carbon cycle-
between the atmosphere, water, land, and
ecosystems.
cell cycle- A series of phases in the life of the cell through which it grows
and divides.
Protective and reinforcing structure found in certain cells,
situated outside the
cell wall- plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls are mainly built
of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess
cell walls, made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
cellular respiration- Use of oxygen to release energy from nutrients; also called
aerobic respiration.
A specific section of a chromosome where spindle
Centromere-
fibers attach during cell division; also the connection
point of sister chromatids.
1/41
,8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
A plant pigment used to absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll- Chlorophyll gives
plants their green color because it absorbs red and blue
light particularly well, while reflecting green.
An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic
protists (single-celled eukaryotic organisms) that
contain pigments such as chlorophyl. Its primary
Chloroplast-
function is to
capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy
through the process of
photosynthesis. Chloroplast absorbs sunlight energy
and uses the energy to power the synthesis of organic
food molecules (sugars). A chloroplast contains its own
DNA as a single circular chromosome.
One of two identical copies of a chromosome
duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. A
Sister Chromatid -
centromere connects two sister chromatids together.
When joined
together, sister chromatids compose one
chromosome. Chromatids are separated from each
other during mitosis or meiosis II.
2/41
,8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
The 2nd stage of aerobic cellular respiration that
Citric acid cycle- occurs when acetyl CoA combines with a four-carbon
molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions,
ultimately
producing ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
It is the full range of climatic disruptions that have
climate change- occurred as a probable result of human alteration of the
atmosphere. In other words, it is recent climate
warming— and weirdness—that is probably caused by
human activities and technology use.
A form of dominance where both alleles of a gene
Codominance- pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed. This results
in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant
nor recessive. A typical example showing codominance
is the ABO blood group system.
A sequence of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule
Codons-
that specifies which amino acid should be added to a
growing polypeptide chain.
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits
Commensalism-
and the other does not, but also is not harmed.
Competition- A type of interspecific interaction where both species are
harmed.
Describes the hydrogen bonding that occurs between
specific nucleotides on opposing strands of DNA or
complementary base pairing-
RNA. In DNA, adenine is paired with thymine, and
guanine is paired with cytosine. When RNA is made from
DNA, adenine is paired with uracil, and guanine is paired
with cytosine.
An organism that must eat or absorb complex food
Consumers- molecules derived from the bodies of other organisms.
Consumers get their energy and nutrients from such
food molecules. Humans and other animals are
consumers, as are fungi and most bacteria.
Covalent bonds represent the sharing of the electrons
covalent bonds- (negatively charged
subatomic particles between atoms). The number of
covalent bonds that can form is dictated by the number
3/41
, 8/10/25, 12:45 AM Bio WGU study for OA c190 EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! …
of unpaired electrons in the outer valence shell of the
atom.
The substance that fills the inside contents of a cell
Cytoplasm- between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
Contains a semifluid medium, composed mainly of
water, and
organelles (organelles are present only if it is a eukaryotic cell).
A eukaryotic cell structure formed by a series of protein
Cytoskeleton- filaments. The cytoskeleton is a scaffold for the cell
structure and a framework for many cellular activities,
including movement and cell division.
Decomposer- Bacteria and fungi that colonize dead material and absorb food
molecules from it.
A nucleic acid polymer that contains the genetic instructions for
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- all living organisms.
DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that
are intertwined in a double helix.
Animals that feed on dead organic matter. Some
Detritivores- detritivores specialize on eating dead animals (e.g.,
vultures) and others feed on dead plant material (e.g.,
earthworms).
A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharides linked
Disaccharide- together by a covalent bond. Two common
disaccharides are sucrose and lactose. glucose +
fructose = Sucrose (table sugar) glucose + galactose =
Lactose (milk sugar)
The nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions for
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid- making RNA and, ultimately, proteins in all living
organisms. DNA is composed of two strands of
nucleotides, which are intertwined in a double helix.
The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and
Adaptation-
structure of an organism to become more suited to an
environment.
Aerobic- A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a
gene. An example would be
genes that encode eye color—
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