NSG 300 Topic 3 Exam: Questions & Answers:Latest Updated Solution

why do respiratory changes happen due to immobility? (Ansdecline in the patient’s ability to cough productively so, mucus in bronchi increases (especially in supine, prone and lateral position) resulting in hypostatic pneumonia orthostatic hypotension (Ans- a drop of blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic increased cardiac workload due to immobility (Ans- the immobile patients has decreased circulating fluid volume and pooling of blood in the lower extremities therefore the workload of the heart increases and so does oxygen consumption thrombus (Ans- Accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the are the three factors that contribute to venous thrombus formation? (Ans- 1. damage to vessel wall 2. alterations of blood flow 3. alteration in blood constituents disuse osteoporosis (Ans- Because immobilization results in bone resorption, bone tissue is less dense or atrophied. joint contracture (Ans- an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of the joint (flexor muscles are stronger that extensor muscles ) urinary stasis and immobility (Ans- when the patient is recumbent (lying flat) the kidneys and ureters are on a more level plane so gravity is not helping urine into the bladder so the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters urinary stasis can cause (Ans- renal calculi and UTIrenal calculi (Ans- calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis or pass through the ureters (kidney stones) concentrated urine formation (Ans- increases risk of calculi and infection pressure ulcers (Ans- an impairment of the skin that results from prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply) in tissues pressure ulcers and inflammation (Ans- ulcer is characterized initially by inflammation and usually forms over a bony prominence psychological effects of immobility (AnsDepression Anxiety Hostility FearIsolation Restriction of self-image and independence Sensory deprivation Difficulty sleeping assessment of patient mobility (Ans- focuses on ROM, gait, exercise and activity tolerance and body alignment (movement assessment starts while the patient is lying and proceeds to assessing sitting positions, transfer to chair, finally walking)